Ochwepheshe nabafundi bahlanganyela ezingxoxweni zemisebenzi yangaphandle emisebenzini ye-AI-proof.

Imisebenzi I-AI Engakwazi Ukuyishintsha Futhi Imiphi Imisebenzi I-AI Ezoyishintsha? Umbono Womhlaba Wonke Ngomthelela We-AI Emsebenzini

Ukubeka Ukwenyuka Kwe-AI Kwabasebenzi

Ngo-2023, ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine (77%) zezinkampani emhlabeni wonke zazivele zisebenzisa noma zihlola izixazululo ze-AI ( Ukulahleka Kwemisebenzi ye-AI: Izibalo Ezishaqisayo Kwembulwa ). Lokhu kukhula kokutholwa kunemiphumela yangempela: Amaphesenti angama-37 amabhizinisi asebenzisa i-AI abike ukuncipha kwabasebenzi ngo-2023, futhi ama-44% alindele ukwehliswa kwemisebenzi eyengeziwe eqhutshwa yi-AI ngo-2024 ( Ukulahleka Kwemisebenzi kwe-AI: Izibalo Ezishaqisayo Zembulwa ). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abahlaziyi baphrojekthi yokuthi i-AI ingabeka amakhulu ezigidi zemisebenzi engcupheni - osomnotho bakwaGoldman Sachs balinganisela ukuthi imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-300 emhlabeni wonke ingase ithintwe i-AI automation ( 60+ Stats On AI Replaceing Jobs (2024) ). Akumangalisi umbuzo othi "miphi imisebenzi ezothathelwa indawo yi-AI?" kanye nokuthi “Imisebenzi I-AI Engakwazi Ukuyishintsha” isibe umgogodla wezinkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nekusasa lomsebenzi.

Nokho, umlando unikeza umbono othile. Uguquko lwangaphambilini lwezobuchwepheshe (kusuka emishinini ukuya kumakhompyutha) lwaphazamisa izimakethe zezabasebenzi kodwa futhi lwadala amathuba amasha. Njengoba amandla e-AI ekhula, kuba nengxoxo eshubile yokuthi ngabe leli gagasi le-automation lizolandela iphethini efanayo yini. Leli phepha elimhlophe libheka isimo sezwe: indlela i-AI esebenza ngayo kumongo wemisebenzi, yiziphi imikhakha ebhekana nokuxoshwa okukhulu kakhulu, yiziphi izindima ezihlala ziphephile uma kuqhathaniswa (nokuthi kungani), kanye nalokho ochwepheshe abakubonayo kusengaphambili ngabasebenzi bomhlaba wonke. Idatha yakamuva, izibonelo zemboni, nezingcaphuno zochwepheshe zifakiwe ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuhlaziya okuphelele, kwasesikhathini samanje.

Isebenza kanjani i-AI Kokuqukethwe Kwemisebenzi

I-AI namuhla iphumelela kakhulu emisebenzini - ikakhulukazi leyo ehlanganisa ukuqashelwa kwephethini, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha, nokwenza izinqumo okuvamile. Kunokuba ucabange nge-AI njengesisebenzi esifana nomuntu, iqondwa kangcono njengeqoqo lamathuluzi aqeqeshelwe ukwenza imisebenzi emincane. Lawa mathuluzi asukela kuma-algorithms okufunda komshini ahlaziya idatha enkulu, kuya kumasistimu okubona ngekhompyutha ahlola imikhiqizo, kuya kumaphrosesa olimi lwemvelo njengama-chatbot aphatha imibuzo eyisisekelo yamakhasimende. Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, i-AI ingakwazi ukwenza izingxenye ezithile zomsebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo : ingase ihlunge ngokushesha izinkulungwane zamadokhumenti ukuze uthole ulwazi olufanele, ishayele imoto ngomzila onqunywe kusengaphambili, noma iphendule imibuzo elula yesevisi yamakhasimende. Lobu buchwepheshe obugxile emsebenzini busho ukuthi i-AI ivamise ukulekelela abasebenzi babantu ngokuthatha imisebenzi ephindaphindayo.

Ngokudabukisayo, imisebenzi eminingi iqukethe imisebenzi eminingi, futhi eminye yayo kuphela engahle ilungele i-AI. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-McKinsey kuthole ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-5% yemisebenzi ingenziwa ngokuphelele ngobuchwepheshe bamanje ( i-AI Ibuyisela Izibalo Zemisebenzi kanye namaqiniso [2024*] ). Ngamanye amazwi, ukuvala ngokuphelele indawo yomuntu ezindimeni eziningi kusenzima. Lokho i-AI engayenza ukuphatha izingxenye zomsebenzi: empeleni, cishe i-60% yemisebenzi inengxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi engenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-AI namarobhothi esofthiwe ( I-AI Ibuyisela Izibalo Zemisebenzi kanye namaqiniso [2024*] ). Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani sibona i-AI isetshenziswa njengethuluzi elisekelayo - isibonelo, isistimu ye-AI ingase isingathe ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwalabo abafuna umsebenzi, ihlabe umkhosi ngama-CV aphezulu ukuze umuntu oqashayo abuyekezwe. Amandla e-AI asejubaneni nokungaguquguquki kwemisebenzi echazwe kahle, kuyilapho abantu begcina unqenqema ekuguquguqukeni kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ukwahlulela okuyinkimbinkimbi, namakhono okusebenzelana nabanye abantu.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bayawugcizelela lo mehluko. "Asikawazi umthelela ogcwele okwamanje, kodwa abukho ubuchwepheshe emlandweni obuye wanciphisa umsebenzi ku-net," kuphawula uMary C. Daly, uMongameli we-San Francisco Fed, egcizelela ukuthi i-AI cishe izoshintsha indlela esisebenza ngayo kunokuthi yenze abantu baphelelwe yisikhathi ( SF Fed Reserve Chief Mary Daly at Fortune Brainstorm Tech Conference: I-AI ithatha indawo yemisebenzi, hhayi abantu - i-San Francisco ). Maduze nje, i-AI “ithatha indawo yemisebenzi, hhayi abantu,” yandisa izindima zabantu ngokuthatha imisebenzi evamile futhi ivumele abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile emithwalweni enzima kakhulu. Ukuqonda lokhu okuguquguqukayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuhlonza ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi i-AI ezoyishintsha kanye nemisebenzi i-AI engeke ikwazi ukuyibuyisela - ngokuvamile kuyimisebenzi yomuntu ngamunye engaphakathi kwemisebenzi (ikakhulukazi ephindaphindwayo, imisebenzi esekelwe emithethweni) esengozini enkulu yokuzenzakalela.

Imisebenzi okungenzeka Ishintshwe yi-AI (Ngomkhakha)

Nakuba i-AI ingase ingathathi ngokuphelele imisebenzi eminingi ngobusuku obubodwa, imikhakha ethile nezigaba zemisebenzi zisengozini enkulu yokuzenzakalela kunezinye. Lokhu kuvame ukuba izinkambu ezinezinqubo eziningi zenkambiso, umthamo omkhulu wedatha, noma ukunyakaza komzimba okubikezelwayo - izindawo lapho ubuchwepheshe bamanje be-AI kanye nerobhothi buhamba phambili khona. Ngezansi, sihlola izimboni nemisebenzi okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI , kanye nezibonelo zangempela nezibalo ezibonisa lawa mathrendi:

Ukukhiqiza kanye Nokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqiza bekungesinye sezizinda zokuqala ukuzwa umthelela we-automation, ngamarobhothi ezimboni nemishini ehlakaniphile. Imisebenzi yomugqa wokuhlanganisa ephindaphindayo kanye nemisebenzi elula yokwenziwa yenziwa ngokuya ngokuya yenziwa amarobhothi anombono nokulawula okuqhutshwa yi-AI. Isibonelo, i-Foxconn , umkhiqizi omkhulu wama-elekthronikhi, ukhiphe amarobhothi ukuze athathele abasebenzi basefekthri abangu-60,000 endaweni eyodwa ngokwenza imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa ephindaphindwayo ( abaqashi aba-3 kwabangu-10 abakhulu emhlabeni bashintsha abasebenzi ngamarobhothi | Inkundla Yezomnotho Yomhlaba ). Ezitshalweni zezimoto emhlabeni wonke, izingalo zerobhothi ziyashisela futhi zipende ngokunemba, kunciphisa isidingo somsebenzi wezandla. Umphumela uba ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi yokukhiqiza yendabuko - opharetha bemishini, abahlanganisi, amaphakheji - ithathelwa indawo ngemishini eqondiswa yi-AI. Ngokusho kwe-World Economic Forum, izindima zabasebenzi bomhlangano kanye nefekthri ziphakathi kwalezo ezinciphayo , futhi izigidi zaleyo misebenzi sezivele zachithwa eminyakeni yamuva njengoba i-automation isheshisa ( i-AI Ibuyisela Izibalo Zemisebenzi kanye namaqiniso [2024*] ). Lo mkhuba ungowomhlaba wonke: amazwe athuthukile njengeJapan, iJalimane, iChina, ne-US wonke asebenzisa i-AI yokukhiqiza ukuze akhulise ukukhiqiza, ngokuvamile ngezindleko zabasebenzi. Okuhle wukuthi ama-automation angenza amafekthri asebenze kahle kakhudlwana futhi akhe nemisebenzi emisha yobuchwepheshe (njengochwepheshe bokulungisa amarobhothi), kodwa izindima zokukhiqiza eziqondile ngokusobala zisengozini yokunyamalala.

Ukudayisa kanye ne-E-Commerce

Emkhakheni wokudayisa, i-AI iguqula indlela izitolo ezisebenza ngayo nendlela amakhasimende athenga ngayo. Mhlawumbe uguquko olubonakala kakhulu ukukhuphuka kwamakhiyoski wokuzithengela nezitolo ezizenzakalelayo. Imisebenzi ye-Cashier, eyake yaba ngesinye sezikhundla ezivame kakhulu ezitolo, iyanqanyulwa njengoba abathengisi betshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuphuma ezisebenza nge-AI. Amaketanga amakhulu ezitolo nezitolo ezinkulu manje sezinokuthenga okuzenzelayo, futhi izinkampani ezifana ne-Amazon zethule izitolo “zokuphuma nje” (i-Amazon Go) lapho i-AI nezinzwa zilandelela ukuthengwa ngaphandle kwe-cashier yomuntu edingekayo. I-Bureau of Labor Statistics yase-US isivele ibone ukwehla kwenani lokuqashwa kwabantu abathatha imali - isuka kwabathatha imali eyizigidi eziyi-1.4 ngo-2019 yaya cishe ezigidini eziyi-1.2 ngo-2023 - futhi amaphrojekthi inani lizokwehla ngomunye u-10% kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo ( Ukuzihlola kuzohlala. Kodwa kuzobalwa | Izindaba ze-AP ). Ukuphathwa kwempahla kanye nokugcinwa kwezimpahla ezidayiswayo nakho kuyazenzakalela: amarobhothi azulazula ezindlini zokugcina izinto (ngokwesibonelo, i-Amazon isebenzisa amarobhothi angomahambanendlwana angaphezu kuka-200,000 ezikhungweni zawo zokugcwaliseka, asebenza kanye nabacosha abantu). Ngisho nemisebenzi yaphansi efana nokuskena eshalofini nokuhlanza yenziwa amarobhothi aqhutshwa yi-AI kwezinye izitolo ezinkulu. Umthelela ophelele yimisebenzi embalwa yokuthengisa yezinga lokungena efana noomabhalane besitoko, abacoshi bezindlu ezigcina impahla, nabathatha imali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AI yokudayisa idala isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono abangaphatha ama-algorithms we-e-commerce noma bahlaziye idatha yekhasimende. Noma kunjalo, uma kukhulunywa ngokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi i-AI ezoyithatha esikhundleni sokudayisa , izindima zamakhono aphansi ezinemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ziyizimpokophelo eziyinhloko zokuzenzakalela.

Ezezimali kanye neBhange

Ezezimali bekungaphambi kwesikhathi ukuthi kusetshenziswe isoftware ezishintshayo, futhi i-AI yanamuhla iyawusheshisa lo mkhuba. Imisebenzi eminingi ebandakanya ukucubungula izinombolo, ukubukeza amadokhumenti, noma ukwenza izinqumo ezijwayelekile isingathwa ngama-algorithms. Isibonelo esimangalisayo sivela ku -JPMorgan Chase , lapho uhlelo oluqhutshwa yi-AI olubizwa nge-COIN lwethulwa khona ukuze kuhlaziywe amadokhumenti omthetho nezivumelwano zokubolekwa imali. I-COIN ingabuyekeza izinkontileka ngemizuzwana - umsebenzi obuvame ukusebenzisa amahora angu-360,000 esikhathi sabameli nabaphathi bemalimboleko unyaka ngamunye ( Isofthiwe ye-JPMorgan yenza ngemizuzwana lokho okuthathe abameli amahora angu-360,000 | The Independent | The Independent ). Ngokwenza kanjalo, ithathele indawo ingxenye enkulu yendima yezomthetho/yokuphatha emisebenzini yebhange. Kuwo wonke umkhakha wezezimali, izinhlelo zokuhweba ze-algorithmic zithathe indawo yezinombolo ezinkulu zabathengisi abangabantu ngokwenza ukuhweba ngokushesha futhi okuvame ukwenza inzuzo enkulu. Amabhange nezinkampani zomshwalense zisebenzisa i-AI ukuthola ukukhwabanisa, ukuhlola ubungozi, kanye nezingxoxo zesevisi yamakhasimende, okunciphisa isidingo sabahlaziyi abaningi nabasebenzi abasekela amakhasimende. Ngisho nasekubalweni kwezimali nasekucwaningweni kwamabhuku, amathuluzi e-AI angakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo okwenziwayo futhi abone okudidayo, asongele imisebenzi yokugcinwa kwamabhuku evamile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi omabhalane bezibalo kanye nokugcinwa kwamabhuku baphakathi kwezindima eziphezulu ezisengcupheni , ngalezi zikhundla okucatshangwa ukuthi zizokwehla kakhulu njengoba isofthiwe yokubala ye-AI iba namandla kakhulu ( 60+ Stats On AI Replaceing Jobs (2024) ). Ngamafuphi, umkhakha wezezimali ubona i-AI ithatha indawo yemisebenzi ezungeza ekucutshungulweni kwedatha, amaphepha, kanye nokwenziwa kwezinqumo okujwayelekile - kusukela kubatsheleki basebhange (ngenxa yama-ATM namabhange nge-inthanethi) kuya kubahlaziyi behhovisi eliphakathi - kuyilapho ikhulisa izindima zezinqumo zezezimali ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Nesoftware

Kungase kuzwakale kuyindida, kodwa umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe - yona kanye imboni yokwakha i-AI - nayo izenzela izingxenye zabasebenzi bayo. Intuthuko yakamuva ku -AI yokukhiqiza ibonise ukuthi ikhodi yokubhala ayiselona ikhono lomuntu kuphela. Abasizi bekhodi be-AI (njenge-GitHub Copilot kanye ne-OpenAI's Codex) bangakhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu zekhodi yesofthiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminye imisebenzi yokuhlela evamile, ikakhulukazi ukubhala ikhodi ye-boilerplate noma ukulungisa amaphutha alula, ingalayishwa ku-AI. Ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe, lokhu kungagcina kunciphise isidingo samaqembu amakhulu onjiniyela abancane. Ngokuhambisanayo, i-AI yenza lula i-IT nemisebenzi yokuphatha ngaphakathi kwamafemu ezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo esivelele: ngo-2023 i-IBM yamemezela ukumiswa okwesikhashana ekuqasheni izindima ezithile zasehhovisi futhi yathi cishe u-30% wemisebenzi engabheki ikhasimende (cishe izikhundla ezingu-7,800) ingase ithathelwe indawo yi-AI eminyakeni engu-5 ezayo ( i-IBM izomisa okwesikhashana ukuqasha ohlelweni lokubuyisela imisebenzi engu-7,800 nge-AI ye-Reuters, Reuters ). Lezi zindima zihlanganisa izikhundla zokuphatha nezabasebenzi ezibandakanya ukuhlela, ukwenza amaphepha, nezinye izinqubo ezivamile. Icala le-IBM libonisa ukuthi ngisho nemisebenzi ye-white-collar emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe iyazenzekela uma iqukethe imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo - i-AI ingakwazi ukusingatha ukuhlela, ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi, kanye nemibuzo eyisisekelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wobunjiniyela besoftware obudala futhi obuyinkimbinkimbi uhlala usezandleni zomuntu (i-AI isantula ikhono elijwayelekile lokuxazulula izinkinga likanjiniyela onolwazi). Kodwa kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, izingxenye ezivamile zomsebenzi zithathwa yi-AI - futhi izinkampani zingagcina zidinga amakhodi ambalwa wokungena, abahloli be-QA, noma abasebenzi abasekela i-IT njengoba amathuluzi ezishintshayo ethuthuka. Empeleni, umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe usebenzisa i-AI ukuze umiselele imisebenzi evamile noma egxile ekusekeleni kuyilapho iqondisa kabusha ithalente labantu emisebenzini emisha kanye nezinga eliphezulu.

Isevisi Yekhasimende Nokwesekwa

Ama-chatbots anikwe amandla yi-AI nabasizi ababonakalayo bangene kakhulu esizindeni sesevisi yamakhasimende. Ukuphatha imibuzo yamakhasimende - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngocingo, i-imeyili, noma ingxoxo - kuwumsebenzi onzima izinkampani osekunesikhathi eside zifuna ukuwuthuthukisa. Manje, ngenxa yamamodeli olimi athuthukile, amasistimu e-AI angahlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezinjengomuntu ngendlela emangalisayo. Izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa ama-chatbots e-AI njengomugqa wokuqala wokusekelwa, eziphendula imibuzo evamile (ukusetha kabusha i-akhawunti, ukulandelela ukuhleleka, imibuzo evame ukubuzwa) ngaphandle kwe-ejenti yomuntu. Lokhu sekuqalile ukushintsha imisebenzi yesikhungo sezingcingo nezindima zedeski losizo. Isibonelo, izinkampani ze-telecom nezinsiza zibika ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yemibuzo yamakhasimende ixazululwa ngokuphelele ngabasebenzeli ababonakalayo. Abaholi bemboni babikezela ukuthi lo mkhuba uzokhula kuphela: I-CEO ye-Zendesk, u-Tom Eggemeier, ulindele ukuthi i-100% yokusebenzisana kwamakhasimende izobandakanya i-AI ngendlela ethile, nokuthi i-80% yemibuzo ngeke idinge i-ejenti yomuntu ukuze ixazululwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ( izibalo ze-59 AI zamakhasimende ze-2025 ). Isimo esinjalo sisho isidingo esinciphile kakhulu sabamele isevisi yamakhasimende abantu. Kakade, izinhlolovo zibonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwekota yamaqembu esevisi yamakhasimende ahlanganise i-AI ekusebenzeni kwawo kwansuku zonke, futhi amabhizinisi asebenzisa “ama-virtual agents” e-AI anciphise izindleko zesevisi yamakhasimende kufika ku-30% ( Isevisi Yamakhasimende: I-AI Iguqula Kanjani Ukusebenzisana - Forbes ). Izinhlobo zemisebenzi yokweseka okungenzeka ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI yilezo ezibandakanya izimpendulo ezibhalwe phansi kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga okujwayelekile - isibonelo, u-opharetha wesikhungo sezingcingo se-tier-1 olandela iskripthi esichaziwe sezinkinga ezivamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo zamakhasimende eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezithintekayo ngokomzwelo zivame ukukhuphukela kubantu. Sekukonke, i-AI ishintsha ngokushesha izindima zenkonzo yamakhasimende , izenzela imisebenzi elula futhi ngaleyo ndlela inciphise inani labasebenzi abasekelayo abadingekayo.

Ezokuthutha kanye Logistics

Zimbalwa izimboni ezithole ukunakwa okungaka mayelana nokushintshwa kwemisebenzi eqhutshwa yi-AI njengezokuthutha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezizishayelayo - amaloli, amatekisi, nama-delivery bots - kusongela ngokuqondile imisebenzi ehilela ukushayela. Embonini yamaloli, isibonelo, izinkampani eziningi zihlola ama-semi-loli azimele emigwaqweni emikhulu. Uma le mizamo iphumelela, abashayeli bamaloli amade bangathathelwa indawo izinsimbi ezizishayelayo ezingasebenza cishe u-24/7. Ezinye izilinganiso ziqinile: ukuzenzela kungase kuthathe indawo efinyelela ku-90% wemisebenzi yamaloli edonsa isikhathi eside uma ubuchwepheshe bokuzishayela buqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele futhi buthenjwa ( Amaloli azimele angase athathe ngokushesha umsebenzi ongafuneki kakhulu ekuthuthweni isikhathi eside ). Ukushayela ngamaloli kungomunye wemisebenzi evame kakhulu emazweni amaningi (isb. umqashi ophakeme wabesilisa baseMelika abangenazo iziqu zasekolishi), ngakho umthelela lapha ungaba mkhulu. Sesivele sibona izinyathelo ezikhuphukayo - amabhasi ahambayo azimele kwamanye amadolobha, izimoto ze-warehouse kanye nabaphathi bempahla echwebeni abaqondiswa i-AI, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola zamatekisi angashayeli emadolobheni afana ne-San Francisco ne-Phoenix. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Waymo kanye ne-Cruise zinikeze izinkulungwane zokugibela amatekisi angashayeli , zikhomba esikhathini esizayo lapho abashayeli bamakhumbi nabashayeli be-Uber/Lyft bengase babe nesidingo esincane. Ekulethweni nasekuphatheni izinto, ama-drones namarobhothi aseceleni komgwaqo ayavivinywa ukuphatha ukulethwa kwamamayela okugcina, okunganciphisa isidingo sezithunywa. Ngisho nezindiza zezentengiselwano zizama ngokushintshashintsha okuzenzakalelayo (yize izindiza ezithwala abagibeli ezizimele cishe zisekude namashumi eminyaka, uma kwenzeka, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha). Okwamanje, abashayeli nabaqhubi bezimoto baphakathi kwemisebenzi okungenzeka ukuthi ishintshwe yi-AI . Ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezilawulwayo: izindawo zokugcina zisebenzisa ama-forklift azishayelayo, futhi amachweba asebenzisa ama-cranes azenzakalelayo. Njengoba lezo zimpumelelo zidlulela emigwaqweni yomphakathi, izindima ezifana nomshayeli weloli, umshayeli wetekisi, umshayeli wezimpahla, kanye nomqhubi we-forklift zibhekene nokwehla. Isikhathi asiqinisekile - imithetho kanye nezinselelo zobuchwepheshe kusho ukuthi abashayeli abangabantu abakashabalali okwamanje - kodwa umkhondo ucacile.

Ukunakekela impilo

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo umkhakha lapho umthelela we-AI emisebenzini uyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AI yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi ethile yokuhlaziya neyokuhlola eyake yenziwa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu. Isibonelo, amasistimu e-AI manje angakwazi ukuhlaziya izithombe zezokwelapha (ama-X-ray, ama-MRIs, ama-CT scan) ngokunemba okuphawulekayo. Ocwaningweni lwase-Swedish, isazi se-radiologist esisizwa yi-AI sithole umdlavuza wamabele ongaphezu kuka-20% ovela ekuhlolweni kwe-mammography kunama-radiologist amabili abantu abasebenza ndawonye ( Ingabe i-AI izothatha indawo yodokotela abafunda ama-X-ray, noma ivele ibenze babe ngcono kunangaphambili? | Izindaba ze-AP ). Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi udokotela oyedwa ohlome nge-AI angenza umsebenzi wodokotela abaningi, okungenzeka anciphise isidingo sodokotela abaningi be-radioologist noma izazi zezifo. Abahlaziyi belebhu abazenzakalelayo bangasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi bahlabe umkhosi ngokungavamile ngaphandle kochwepheshe belebhu yabantu esinyathelweni ngasinye. Ama-chatbots e-AI nawo aphatha ukuhlolwa kwesiguli kanye nemibuzo eyisisekelo - ezinye izibhedlela zisebenzisa ama-bot okuhlola izimpawu ukweluleka iziguli ukuthi zidinga yini ukungena, okunganciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi kubahlengikazi nezikhungo zezingcingo zezokwelapha. Imisebenzi yokuqondisa yezempilo ithathelwa indawo ikakhulukazi: ukuhlela, ukubhala ikhodi yezokwelapha, kanye nenkokhelo kubone amazinga aphezulu okuzenzakalela ngesofthiwe ye-AI. Kodwa-ke, izindima zokunakekelwa kwesiguli eziqondile zihlala zingathinteki ngokushintshwa. Irobhothi lingasiza ekuhlinzeni noma ukusiza ukuhambisa iziguli, kodwa abahlengikazi, odokotela, nabanakekeli benza imisebenzi eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi, ezwelayo i-AI okwamanje engakwazi ukuyiphindaphinda ngokugcwele. Ngisho noma i-AI ingakwazi ukuxilonga ukugula, iziguli zivame ukufuna udokotela ongumuntu ukuthi akuchaze futhi akwelaphe. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuphinde kubhekane nezithiyo ezinamandla zokuziphatha nezokulawula ukuze kungene abantu ngokugcwele i-AI. Ngakho-ke nakuba imisebenzi ethile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo (njengabakhokhi bezokwelapha, ababhala ngokuloba, nabanye ochwepheshe bokuxilonga) yengezwa noma ithathelwa indawo i-AI kancane , ochwepheshe abaningi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo babona i-AI njengethuluzi elithuthukisa umsebenzi wabo esikhundleni sokushintshwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba i-AI ithuthuka kakhulu, ingakwazi ukubhekana nokuphakamisa okusindayo ekuhlaziyeni nasekuhlolweni okujwayelekile - kodwa okwamanje, abantu basasesikhungweni sokulethwa kokunakekelwa.

Kafushane, imisebenzi okungenzeka ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI yileyo ebonakala ngokwejwayelekile, imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kanye nezimo ezibikezelwayo: abasebenzi basefekthri, omabhalane nabaphethe, osokheshi abadayisayo, ama-ejenti ayisisekelo wokusiza amakhasimende, abashayeli, nezindima ezithile zobungcweti bezinga lokungena. Ngempela, ukuqagela kweWorld Economic Forum esikhathini esizayo esiseduze (ngowezi-2027) kubeka omabhalane bokufakwa kwedatha phezulu ohlwini lwezikhundla ezinciphayo zemisebenzi ( eyizigidi ezingu-7.5 okulindeleke ukuthi iqedwe), kulandelwe omabhalane bokuphatha noomabhalane be-accounting , zonke izindima ezingenwa kalula yi-automation ( 620+24 Job Stacing On AIplacing 60+24 ). I-AI ishanela izimboni ezinesivinini esihlukile, kodwa isiqondiso sayo asiguquguquki - izenzela ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi elula kuyo yonke imikhakha. Isigaba esilandelayo sizohlola uhlangothi oluphendukile: yimiphi imisebenzi okungenzeka ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI, kanye nezimfanelo zobuntu ezivikela lezo zindima.

Imisebenzi okungenzeka Ishintshwe/Imisebenzi i-AI engeke ikwazi ukuyibeka esikhundleni (nokuthi kungani)

Akuwona wonke umsebenzi osengozini enkulu yokuzenzakalela. Eqinisweni, izindima eziningi zimelana nokushintshwa yi-AI ngoba zidinga amakhono omuntu ahlukile noma zenzeka kuzilungiselelo ezingalindelekile imishini engakwazi ukuzulazula kuzo. Njengoba i-AI ithuthuka, inemikhawulo ecacile ekuphindaphindeni ubuhlakani bomuntu, uzwela, nokuvumelana nezimo. Ucwaningo lukaMcKinsey lwaphawula ukuthi nakuba okuzenzakalelayo kuzothinta cishe yonke imisebenzi ngezinga elithile, kuyizingxenye zemisebenzi esikhundleni sezindima zonke i-AI engakwazi ukuzisingatha - okusho ukuthi imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo iyona ehlukile kunomthetho ( AI Replaced Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Lapha sigqamisa izinhlobo zemisebenzi okungenzeka ukuthi ingathathelwa indawo yi-AI esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, nokuthi kungani lezo zindima “ziwubufakazi be-AI” kakhulu:

  • Imisebenzi Edinga Uzwela Lomuntu Nokusebenzelana Komuntu Siqu: Imisebenzi egxile ekunakekeleni, ekufundiseni, noma ekuqondeni abantu abasezingeni lomzwelo iphephile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-AI. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abahlinzeki bezempilo njengabahlengikazi, abanakekeli asebekhulile, nabelaphi, kanye nothisha, osonhlalakahle nabeluleki . Izindima ezinjalo zidinga uzwelo, ukwakhiwa kobudlelwano, nokufunda izinkomba zomphakathi - izindawo lapho imishini idonsa kanzima. Isibonelo, imfundo yezingane isencane ihilela ukukhuliswa kanye nokuphendula kuzimpawu zokuziphatha ezicashile okungekho i-AI engakwazi ukuziphindaphinda ngempela. Ngokusho kwe-Pew Research, cishe u-23% wabasebenzi baqashwe emisebenzini ephansi ye-AI-i-AI (imvamisa ekunakekeleni, emfundweni, njll.), njengababelethi, lapho imisebenzi ebalulekile (njengokukhulisa ingane) imelana ne-automation . Ngokuvamile abantu bakhetha ukuthintwa umuntu kulezi zizinda: i-AI ingase ihlole ukudangala, kodwa iziguli ngokuvamile zifuna ukukhuluma nomelaphi ongumuntu, hhayi i-chatbot, mayelana nemizwa yazo.

  • Ubungcweti Bobuciko Nobuciko: Umsebenzi ohilela ukusungula, imvelaphi, kanye nokunambitheka kwamasiko kuvame ukudelela ukuzenzekelayo okugcwele. Ababhali, abaculi, abaculi, abenzi bamafilimu, abaklami bengqephu - lezi zingcweti zikhiqiza okuqukethwe okwaziswa hhayi nje ngokulandela ifomula, kodwa nokwethula inoveli, imibono eqanjiwe. I-AI ingasiza ekusunguleni (isibonelo, ukukhiqiza okusalungiswa okungalungile noma iziphakamiso zokuklama), kodwa ngokuvamile ayinakho okwangempela nokujula kwemizwelo . Nakuba ubuciko nokubhala okukhiqizwe yi-AI kuye kwaba yizihloko zezindaba, abasunguli babantu basenomkhawulo ekukhiqizeni incazelo ehambisana nabanye abantu. Kukhona futhi inani lemakethe kubuciko obenziwe abantu (cabanga ngentshisekelo eqhubekayo ezimpahleni ezenziwe ngezandla naphezu kokukhiqizwa okukhulu). Ngisho nakwezokungcebeleka nezemidlalo, abantu bafuna ukusebenza komuntu. Njengoba uBill Gates esho engxoxweni yakamuva nge-AI, "Ngeke sifune ukubuka amakhompyutha edlala i-baseball." ( UBill Gates Uthi Abantu Ngeke Badingeke 'Ezintweni Eziningi' Enkathini ye-AI | EGW.News ) - okushiwo ukuthi injabulo ivela kubasubathi abangabantu, futhi ngokwandisa, imisebenzi eminingi yokudala neyokwenza kahle izohlala iyimizamo yabantu.

  • Imisebenzi Efaka Umsebenzi Ongalindelekile Wokusebenza Ezimweni Ezinamandla: Imisebenzi ethile yezandla idinga ubuciko bomzimba kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga endaweni lapho kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene - izinto okunzima kakhulu ukuthi amarobhothi azenze. Cabanga ngemisebenzi enekhono efana nosebenza ngogesi, amapayipi amanzi, ababazi, umakhenikha , noma ochwepheshe bokukhanda indiza . Le misebenzi ivamise ukubandakanya izindawo ezingajwayelekile (izintambo zendlu ngayinye zihluka kancane, zonke izinkinga zokulungisa zihlukile) futhi zifuna ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela. Amarobhothi amanje aqhutshwa yi-AI ahamba phambili ezindaweni ezihlelekile, ezilawulwayo njengezimboni, kodwa alwa nezithiyo ezingalindelekile zesiza sokwakha noma ikhaya lekhasimende. Ngakho-ke, abahwebi nabanye abasebenza emhlabeni obonakalayo onokuhlukahluka okuningi mancane amathuba okuthi bashintshwe maduze. Umbiko omayelana nabaqashi abakhulu emhlabeni uveze ukuthi nakuba abakhiqizi sebelungele ukuzenzela, imikhakha efana nezinsizakalo zasensimini noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo (isb., Inkonzo Yezempilo Kazwelonke yase-UK nebutho layo lodokotela nabahlengikazi abenza imisebenzi eyahlukene) isasele “indawo enenzondo” yamarobhothi ( abaqashi aba-3 kwabayi-10 abakhulu emhlabeni bashintsha abasebenzi ngamarobhothi | Inkundla Yezomnotho Yomhlaba ). Ngamafuphi, imisebenzi engcolile, ehlukahlukene, futhi engalindelekile ngokuvamile isadinga umuntu onolwazi .

  • Ubuholi Obunobuciko kanye Nokuthathwa Kwezinqumo Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu: Izindima ezidinga ukuthathwa kwezinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukucabanga okujulile, nokuziphendulela - njengabaphathi bebhizinisi, abaphathi bephrojekthi, nabaholi benhlangano - ziphephile uma ziqhathaniswa nokushintshwa kwe-AI okuqondile. Lezi zikhundla zibandakanya ukuhlanganisa izici eziningi, ukwahlulela ngaphansi kokungaqiniseki, futhi ngokuvamile ukunxenxa nokuxoxisana komuntu. I-AI inganikeza idatha nezincomo, kodwa ukuphathisa i-AI ukuthi yenze izinqumo zamasu zokugcina noma ukuhola abantu kuwukugxuma izinkampani eziningi (kanye nabasebenzi) abakulungele ukukuthatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuholi buvame ukuncika ekwethembeni nasekugqugquzeleni - izimfanelo ezivela ku-charism yomuntu nolwazi, hhayi ama-algorithms. Nakuba i-AI ingase inciphise izinombolo ze-CEO, umsebenzi we-CEO (ukubeka umbono, ukuphatha izinkinga, abasebenzi abakhuthazayo) uhlala ungumuntu oyingqayizivele okwamanje. Okufanayo kuya ezikhulwini zikahulumeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, abenzi benqubomgomo, nabaholi bezempi lapho ukuziphendulela nokwahlulela okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu.

Njengoba i-AI ithuthuka, imingcele yalokho engakwenza izoshintsha. Ezinye izindima ezibhekwa njengeziphephile namuhla zingase ziphonselwe inselelo izinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe (ngokwesibonelo, amasistimu e-AI angena kancane kancane emikhakheni yokuqamba ngokuqamba umculo noma ukubhala izindatshana zezindaba). Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi engenhla inezakhi zobuntu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi okunzima ukuzibhala: ubuhlakani bomzwelo, ubuhlakani okwenziwa ngesandla kuzilungiselelo ezingahlelekile, ukucabanga kwesizinda, kanye nokuqamba kwangempela. Lezi zisebenza njengomsele ovikelayo ozungeze leyo misebenzi. Ngempela, ochwepheshe bavame ukusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, imisebenzi izovela esikhundleni sokunyamalala ngokuphelele - abasebenzi abangabantu kulezi zindima bazosebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI ukuze aphumelele nakakhulu. Ibinzana elivame ukucashunwa lithwebula lokhu: I-AI ngeke ithathe indawo yakho, kodwa umuntu osebenzisa i-AI angakwazi. Ngamanye amazwi, labo abasebenzisa i-AI bazokwazi ukudlula labo abangayisebenzisi, emikhakheni eminingi.

Kafushane, imisebenzi okungenzeka ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI/imisebenzi i-AI engeke ikwazi ukuyishintsha yileyo efuna okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo: ubuhlakani bezenhlalo nengokomzwelo (ukunakekela, ukuxoxisana, ukuqondisa), ukusungula izinto ezintsha (ubuciko, ucwaningo, ukuklama), ukuhamba kanye nobuciko ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi (ukuhweba okunekhono, impendulo ephuthumayo), kanye nokwahlulela kwesithombe esikhulu , ubuholi (isu). Nakuba i-AI izongena ngokuqhubekayo kulezi zizinda njengomsizi, izindima zomuntu eziyinhloko, okwamanje, zilapha ukuhlala. Inselelo yabasebenzi ukugxila kumakhono i-AI engeke ilingise kalula - uzwela, ubuhlakani, ukuguquguquka - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala ehambisana nemishini.

Ukubuka Kochwepheshe Ngekusasa Lomsebenzi

Akumangalisi ukuthi imibono iyahlukahluka, abanye bebikezela izinguquko ezinkulu futhi abanye begcizelela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kancane kancane. Lapha sihlanganisa izingcaphuno ezimbalwa ezinokuqonda kanye nemibono evela kubaholi bomcabango, sinikeza inhlobonhlobo yalokho okulindelekile:

  • U-Kai-Fu Lee (Isazi se-AI kanye Nomtshalizimali): U-Lee ubona kusengaphambili ukuzenzekelayo okubalulekile kwemisebenzi phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili ezayo. "Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili, ngilinganisela ukuthi sizokwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphesenti angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 emisebenzi e-United States," esho ( Kai-Fu Lee Quotes (Umbhali we-AI Superpowers) (ikhasi lesi-6 le-9) ). U-Lee, onolwazi lwamashumi eminyaka ku-AI (kuhlanganise nezindima zangaphambili kwa-Google ne-Microsoft), ukholelwa ukuthi inhlobonhlobo yemisebenzi izothinteka - hhayi kuphela imisebenzi yasefekthri noma yesevisi, kodwa nezindima eziningi zekhola emhlophe. Uxwayisa ngokuthi ngisho nakubasebenzi abangashintshwanga ngokuphelele, i-AI "izonciphisa inani labo" ngokuthatha izingxenye ezithile zomsebenzi wabo, okungenzeka yehlise amandla ezingxoxo namaholo abasebenzi. Lo mbono uqokomisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusabalala kokufuduka kanye nomthelela womphakathi we-AI, njengokwanda kokungalingani kanye nesidingo sezinhlelo ezintsha zokuqeqesha umsebenzi.

  • UMary C. Daly (uMongameli, i-San Francisco Fed): I-Daly inikeza iphuzu eliphikisayo elisekelwe emlandweni wezomnotho. Uphawula ukuthi ngenkathi i-AI izophazamisa imisebenzi, izethulo zomlando ziphakamisa umphumela wokulinganisa okuphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. "Abukho ubuchwepheshe emlandweni wabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obuye banciphisa umsebenzi ku-net," kuphawula u-Daly, esikhumbuza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buvame ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zemisebenzi ngisho nalapho bexosha abanye ( Isikhulu se-SF Fed Reserve uMary Daly ku-Fortune Brainstorm Tech Conference: I-AI ithatha indawo yemisebenzi, hhayi abantu - San Francisco Fed ). Ugcizelela ukuthi i-AI kungenzeka iguqule umsebenzi kunokuwuqeda ngokuphelele . U-Daly ubheka ikusasa lapho abantu besebenza eduze kwemishini - i-AI ephethe imisebenzi ekhathazayo, abantu begxile emsebenzini onenani eliphakeme - futhi ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwemfundo nokwenza kabusha ukuze asize abasebenzi bazivumelanise nezimo. Umbono wakhe unethemba elikhulu: I-AI izothuthukisa ukukhiqiza futhi idale ingcebo, engabhebhethekisa ukukhula kwemisebenzi ezindaweni okungenzeka singazicabangi.

  • UBill Gates (Co-founder of Microsoft): UGates ukhulume kabanzi nge-AI eminyakeni yamuva, ezwakalisa kokubili injabulo nokukhathazeka. Engxoxweni ye-2025, wenza isibikezelo esinesibindi esabamba izihloko zezindaba: ukukhuphuka kwe-AI ethuthukisiwe kungasho ukuthi "abantu abadingeki ezintweni eziningi" esikhathini esizayo ( UBill Gates Uthi Abantu Ngeke Badingeke 'Ngezinto Eziningi' Esikhathini se-AI | EGW.News ). UGates uphakamise ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zemisebenzi - okuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu - zingasingathwa yi-AI njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula. Unikeze izibonelo kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nezemfundo , ecabanga nge-AI engasebenza njengodokotela noma uthisha osezingeni eliphezulu. Udokotela “omkhulu” we-AI angenziwa atholakale kabanzi, okungenzeka anciphise ukushoda kochwepheshe babantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nezindima ngokwesiko ezithathwa njengeziphephile (ngenxa yokudinga ulwazi olubanzi nokuqeqeshwa) zingaphindwa yi-AI ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uGates uphinde wavuma imikhawulo kulokho abantu abazokwamukela ku-AI. Waphawula ngokuhlekisa ukuthi nakuba i-AI ingase idlale ezemidlalo kangcono kunabantu, abantu basathanda abasubathi abangabantu kwezokuzijabulisa (ngeke sikhokhe ukubuka amaqembu e-robot baseball). UGates usanethemba jikelele - ukholelwa ukuthi i-AI "izokhulula abantu" kwezinye izinto abazenzayo futhi iholele ekukhiqizeni okukhulu, nakuba umphakathi uzodinga ukuphatha izinguquko (mhlawumbe ngezinyathelo ezifana nezinguquko zemfundo noma ngisho neholo eliyisisekelo jikelele uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi omkhulu).

  • U-Kristalina Georgieva (Umqondisi Ophethe we-IMF): Ngokombono wenqubomgomo kanye nomnotho womhlaba, u-Georgieva ugqamise ukumbaxambili komthelela we-AI. "I-AI izothinta cishe amaphesenti angama-40 emisebenzi emhlabeni jikelele, ithathe indawo yeminye futhi igcwalise eminye," wabhala ekuhlaziyeni kwe-IMF ( I-AI Izoguqula Umnotho Womhlaba Wonke. Masiqinisekise Ukuthi Izuzisa Abantu. ). Uveza ukuthi iminotho ethuthukile inokuchayeka okuphezulu ku-AI (njengoba ingxenye enkulu yemisebenzi ihilela imisebenzi yamakhono aphezulu i-AI engase iyenze), kuyilapho amazwe asathuthuka engase abone ukufuduka okuncane ngokushesha. Umbono kaGeorgieva uthi umthelela we-AI ekuqashweni awuqiniseki - ingakhuphula umkhiqizo nokukhula emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa futhi ingase ikhulise ukungalingani uma izinqubomgomo zingagcini Yena kanye ne-IMF bafuna izinyathelo ezisheshayo: ohulumeni kufanele batshale izimali kwezemfundo, ukuphepha kwemisebenzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinzuzo ze-AI (ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene njll kungalahlekelwa yimisebenzi emisha kanye nezobuchwepheshe). ukushintshela ezindimeni ezintsha.Lokhu kubuka kochwepheshe kugcizelela ukuthi nakuba i-AI ingase ithathele indawo imisebenzi, umphumela womphakathi uncike kakhulu endleleni esisabela ngayo.

  • Abanye Abaholi Bemboni: Ama-CEO amaningi wezobuchwepheshe kanye nama-futurists nawo anesisindo. U-CEO we-IBM u-Arvind Krishna, ngokwesibonelo, uphawule ukuthi i-AI izoqale ibe nomthelela “kumsebenzi wabasebenzi abamhlophe kuqala” , izenzele ehhovisi kanye nomsebenzi wobufundisi (njengezindima zakwa-HR i-IBM ihlela kahle) ngaphambi kokuthi iye kwezinye izizinda zobuchwepheshe ( I-IBM izomisa okwesikhashana ukuqasha ohlelweni lokubuyisela imisebenzi engu-7,800 ngemibiko ye-Bloomberg | Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Krishna nabanye baphikisana ngokuthi i-AI izoba ithuluzi elinamandla lochwepheshe - ngisho nabahleli bezinhlelo basebenzisa abasizi bekhodi ye-AI ukuze bakhulise ukukhiqiza, bephakamisa ikusasa lapho ukusebenzisana kwabantu ne-AI kuwumkhuba emisebenzini yamakhono esikhundleni sokushintshwa ngokuqondile. Abaphathi benkonzo yamakhasimende, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, babone ngeso lengqondo i-AI yokusingatha inqwaba yokusebenzisana kwamakhasimende okujwayelekile, nabantu abagxile emacaleni ayinkimbinkimbi ( izibalo ze-59 AI zamakhasimende ze-2025 ). Futhi ongqondongqondo bomphakathi abafana no-Andrew Yang (owandisa umbono wemali engenayo eyisisekelo emhlabeni wonke) baxwayise ngabashayeli bamaloli nabasebenzi bezikhungo zezingcingo abalahlekelwa umsebenzi, bemelela izinhlelo zokweseka umphakathi ukuze zibhekane nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuqhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokuphambene, izifundiswa ezinjengo-Erik Brynjolfsson kanye no-Andrew McAfee zikhulume “ngendida yokukhiqiza” - ukuthi izinzuzo ze-AI zizofika, kodwa kuphela eduze kwezisebenzi ezingabantu izindima zabo ezichazwe kabusha, ezingaqediwe. Bavame ukugcizelela ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwabantu nge-AI esikhundleni sokushintshwa kwenani elikhulu, baqamba imishwana efana nokuthi " abasebenzi abasebenzisa i-AI bazongena esikhundleni salabo abangayisebenzisi ."

Empeleni, imibono yochwepheshe isukela ekubeni nethemba elikhulu (i-AI izodala imisebenzi eminingi kunaleyo ecekela phansi, njengoba kwenza izinto ezintsha ezedlule) iye ekuqapheleni kakhulu (i-AI ingasusa ingxenye yabasebenzi engakaze ibonwe, edinga ukulungiswa okukhulu). Nokho intambo evamile ukuthi ushintsho luqinisekile . Imvelo yomsebenzi izoshintsha njengoba i-AI iba namandla kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bavumelana ngazwi linye ukuthi imfundo nokufunda okuqhubekayo kubalulekile - abasebenzi bakusasa bazodinga amakhono amasha, futhi imiphakathi izodinga izinqubomgomo ezintsha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-AI ibonwa njengosongo noma ithuluzi, abaholi kuzo zonke izimboni bagcizelela ukuthi manje yisikhathi sokulungiselela izinguquko ezizoziletha emisebenzini. Njengoba siphetha, sizocubungula ukuthi lezi zinguquko zisho ukuthini kubasebenzi bomhlaba wonke nokuthi abantu nezinhlangano bangawuhamba kanjani umgwaqo ongaphambili.

Kusho ukuthini Lokhu Nge-Global Workforce

Umbuzo othi "miphi imisebenzi ezoshintshwa yi-AI?" ayinayo impendulo eyodwa, emile - izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka njengoba amakhono e-AI ekhula futhi njengoba umnotho uzivumelanisa nezimo. Esingakubona ukuthambekela okucacile: I-AI kanye ne-automation ihlelelwe ukuqeda izigidi zemisebenzi eminyakeni ezayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo idala imisebenzi emisha futhi iguqule ekhona kakade . I-World Economic Forum ihlela ukuthi ngo-2027, cishe izigidi ezingu-83 zemisebenzi izosuswa ngenxa yemishini ezenzakalelayo, kodwa imisebenzi emisha eyizigidi ezingu-69 izovela emikhakheni efana nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukufunda ngomshini, kanye nokumaketha ngedijithali - umphumela ophelele wemisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-14 emhlabeni jikelele ( I-AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Ngamanye amazwi, kuzoba nokuqubuka okukhulu emakethe yezabasebenzi. Ezinye izindima zizoshabalala, eziningi zizoshintsha, futhi kuzovela imisebenzi emisha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomnotho oqhutshwa yi-AI.

Kubasebenzi bomhlaba wonke , lokhu kusho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

  • Ukuqeqeshelwa Kabusha kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamakhono Kubalulekile: Abasebenzi abamisebenzi yabo isengozini kufanele banikezwe amathuba okufunda amakhono amasha adingeka kakhulu. Uma i-AI ithatha imisebenzi evamile, abantu kudingeka bagxile kokungeyona eyejwayelekile. Ohulumeni, izikhungo zemfundo, nezinkampani zonke zizobamba iqhaza ekuqhubekiseni izinhlelo zokuqeqesha - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isisebenzi se-warehouse esixoshiwe sifunda ukulungisa amarobhothi, noma i-rep rep yokufunda ukuze iqondise izingxoxo ze-AI. Ukufunda impilo yonke sekumi ngomumo ukuba kube yinjwayelo. Okuhle, njengoba i-AI ithatha indawo eyisidina, abantu bangashintshela emsebenzini owanelisayo, wokudala, noma onzima - kodwa kuphela uma benamakhono okwenza lokho.

  • Ukusebenzisana kwe-Human-AI kuzochaza imisebenzi eminingi: Esikhundleni sokuthatha i-AI ngokuphelele, ubungcweti abaningi buzoguqukela ekubeni ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nemishini ehlakaniphile. Abasebenzi abaphumelelayo kuzoba yilabo abakwaziyo ukusebenzisa i-AI njengethuluzi. Isibonelo, ummeli angase asebenzise i-AI ukuze acwaninge ngokushesha umthetho wamacala (enze umsebenzi ithimba labasizi bezomthetho ebelivame ukuwenza), bese esebenzisa ukwahlulela komuntu ukuze akhe isu lezomthetho. Uchwepheshe wefekthri angase angamele uxhaxha lwamarobhothi. Ngisho nothisha bangasebenzisa abafundisi be-AI ukwenza izifundo zibe ngezomuntu siqu kuyilapho begxile ekwelulekweni okusezingeni eliphezulu. Le modeli yokuhlanganyela isho ukuthi izincazelo zemisebenzi zizoshintsha - okugcizelela ukwenganyelwa kwezinhlelo ze-AI, ukutolika kwemiphumela ye-AI, nezici zokusebenzisana nabantu i-AI engakwazi ukuzisingatha. Kusho futhi ukuthi ukulinganisa umthelela wabasebenzi akukhona nje mayelana nemisebenzi elahlekile noma ezuziwe, kodwa mayelana nemisebenzi eshintshile . Cishe yonke imisebenzi izobandakanya izinga elithile losizo lwe-AI, futhi ukuzivumelanisa nalelo qiniso kuzobaluleka kubasebenzi.

  • Inqubomgomo Nokwesekwa Komphakathi: Inguquko ingaba nzima, futhi iphakamisa imibuzo yenqubomgomo esikalini somhlaba. Ezinye izifunda nezimboni zizoshayeka kakhulu ngokulahleka kwemisebenzi kunezinye (ngokwesibonelo, umnotho osafufusa osindayo wezokukhiqiza ungase ubhekane nokuzenzakalelayo kwemisebenzi edinga abasebenzi abaningi). Kungase kube nesidingo samanethi aqinile okuphepha komphakathi noma izinqubomgomo ezintsha - imibono efana nemali engenayo eyisisekelo yendawo yonke (i-UBI) ihanjiswe ngezibalo ezifana no-Elon Musk no-Andrew Yang ngokulindela ukungasebenzi okuqhutshwa yi-AI ( u-Elon Musk Uthi Imali Engenayo Yonke Indawo Ayinakugwema: Kungani Ecabanga ... ). Ukuthi i-UBI iyimpendulo noma cha, ohulumeni kuzodingeka baqaphe izitayela zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi futhi ngokunokwenzeka bandise izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, izinsizakalo zokufakwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nezibonelelo zemfundo emikhakheni ethintekile. Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kungase kudingeke futhi, njengoba i-AI ingakhulisa igebe phakathi kwezomnotho zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nalezo ezinokufinyelela okuncane kwezobuchwepheshe. Abasebenzi bomhlaba wonke bangathola ukufuduka kwemisebenzi ezindaweni ezilungele i-AI (njengoba nje ukukhiqiza kuthuthela emazweni anezindleko eziphansi emashumini eminyaka angaphambili). Abenzi bezinqubomgomo kuzodingeka baqinisekise ukuthi izinzuzo zezomnotho ze-AI (ukukhiqiza okukhulu, izimboni ezintsha) ziholela ekuchumeni okubanzi, hhayi nje inzuzo yabambalwa.

  • Ukugcizelela Ukuhluka Komuntu: Njengoba i-AI iba yinto evamile, izici zomsebenzi womuntu zithatha ukubaluleka okukhulu nakakhulu. Izici ezinjengokudala, ukuguquguquka, uzwela, ukwahlulela okuhle, kanye nokucabanga okuphambene nezigwegwe kuzoba inzuzo yokuqhathanisa yabasebenzi abangabantu. Izinhlelo zemfundo zingase zisekele ukugcizelela lawa makhono athambile kanye namakhono e-STEM. Ubuciko nobuntu bungaba semqoka ekuthuthukiseni izimfanelo ezenza abantu bangakwazi ukushintshwa. Ngomqondo othile, ukukhuphuka kwe-AI kusishukumisela ukuba sichaze kabusha umsebenzi ngokwemibandela egxile kakhulu kubantu - singazisi nje ukusebenza kahle, kodwa nezimfanelo ezifana nesipiliyoni samakhasimende, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, nokuxhumana ngokomzwelo, lapho abantu behamba phambili.

Sengiphetha, i-AI imiselwe ukuthi ithathele eminye imisebenzi - ikakhulukazi leyo esindayo emisebenzini evamile - kodwa futhi izodala amathuba futhi yengeze izindima eziningi. Umthelela uzozwakala cishe kuzo zonke izimboni, kusukela kwezobuchwepheshe nezezimali kuye kwezokukhiqiza, ezokuthengisa, ezokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezokuthutha. Umbono womhlaba wonke ubonisa ukuthi nakuba iminotho ethuthukile ingase ibone ukuzenzekelayo kwemisebenzi esebenza kanzima, amazwe asathuthuka asengabhekana nokushintshwa kwemishini yemisebenzi yezandla kwezokukhiqiza nezolimo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukulungiselela abasebenzi balezi zinguquko kuyinselele yomhlaba wonke.

Izinkampani kufanele zibambe iqhaza ekuthatheni i-AI ngokuziphatha nangobuhlakani - ziyisebenzisele ukunika abasebenzi bazo amandla, hhayi nje ukunciphisa izindleko. Abasebenzi bona, kufanele bahlale benelukuluku lokwazi futhi baqhubeke nokufunda, ngoba ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuzoba yinetha labo lokuphepha. Futhi umphakathi uwonke kufanele ukhuthaze isimo sengqondo esikwazisa ukusebenzisana kwe-AI phakathi kwabantu: ukubuka i-AI njengethuluzi elinamandla lokukhulisa ukukhiqiza nokuphila kahle kwabantu, kunokuba kube usongo ezimpilweni zabantu.

Abasebenzi bakusasa cishe bazoba lapho ubuhlakani bomuntu, ukunakekelwa, kanye nokucabanga kwamasu kusebenza ngokubambisana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa - ikusasa lapho ubuchwepheshe buthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabantu esikhundleni sokuwenza angasebenzi. Inguquko ingase ingabi lula, kodwa ngokulungiselela nezinqubomgomo ezifanele, abasebenzi bomhlaba wonke bangavela beqinile futhi bakhiqize nakakhulu eminyakeni ye-AI.

Izindatshana ongathanda ukuzifunda ngemuva kwaleli phepha elimhlophe:

🔗 Amathuluzi Okusesha Umsebenzi We-AI Aphezulu ayi-10 - Ukuguqula Igeyimu Yokuqasha
Zitholele amathuluzi e-AI angcono kakhulu okuthola imisebenzi ngokushesha, ukwenza kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza, nokuqashwa.

🔗 Izindlela Zomsebenzi Wokuhlakanipha Okwenziwayo - Imisebenzi Engcono Kakhulu ku-AI nokuthi Ungaqala Kanjani
Hlola amathuba emisebenzi e-AI aphezulu, yimaphi amakhono adingekayo, nokuthi ungayivula kanjani indlela yakho ku-AI.

🔗 Imisebenzi Yezobunhloli Bokwenziwa - Imisebenzi Yamanje kanye Nekusasa Lokuqashwa kwe-AI
Qonda ukuthi i-AI ilungisa kanjani kabusha imakethe yemisebenzi nalapho amathuba esikhathi esizayo ekhona embonini ye-AI.

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