Ingabe Abashayeli Bezindiza bazothathelwa indawo yi-AI?

Uthukile? Ufuna ukwazi? Mhlawumbe ngethemba ngasese ama-cockpits abushelelezi? Awuwedwa. Umqondo wokuthi izindiza zingase zizindize ngolunye usuku uzizwa ududuza ngendlela eyinqaba futhi udwetshwe kancane - njengokuthembela epanini elizivuthulula ngokwalo ukuthi ngeke lijike isobho yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke ake singene, ngokuhlukaniswa kwabantu-kuqala, okusekelwe umthombo okusagcina izinto zingajwayelekile. Ekugcineni, uzoba nomqondo ocacile wokuthi izinto zimi kuphi ngempela, yini esondelayo, nokuthi ingabe wonke umbuzo Ingabe abashayeli bezindiza bazothathelwa indawo yi-AI? ifakwe nangendlela efanele.

Izindatshana ongathanda ukuzifunda ngemva kwalesi:

🔗 Ingabe i-AI izoshintsha ama-accountant
Ihlola umthelela we-automation emisebenzini ye-accounting nesidingo sesikhathi esizayo.

🔗 Ingabe i-AI izothatha indawo yenkulumo yangempela yabahlaziyi bedatha
Ukuhlola indima ye-AI ekuhlaziyeni idatha kanye nebhalansi yobungcweti bomuntu.

🔗 Ingabe onjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza bazothathelwa indawo i-AI
Imininingwane ngamathuluzi okubhala amakhodi e-AI kanye nezibopho eziguqukayo zonjiniyela.

Yini ozohamba uyazi 🧭

• Impendulo emfushane enonya ku-Will Pilots izothathelwa indawo yi-AI

• Iyiphi i-AI kuma-cockpits elungile kuyo (hhayi)

• Ukuthi abalawuli nesayensi yezokuphepha bayibuka kanjani

• Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla ungabugibela ngokuqhathanisa nokuhlolwa kwakusasa

• Imibono ephakathi nendawo eyinqaba: umshayeli oyedwa, osizwa phansi, ama-hybrids

• Kungani impahla izothuthwa kuqala ngaphambi kwabagibeli

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obubangelwa abantu: ukuxubana kwemodi, amakhono agqwalile okusebenza ngezandla, izikhala zokubheka izinto ezahlukene

• Ishadi lokuqhathanisa elifiphele kancane ongalibheka lapho ugibela khona

Impendulo emfushane engacacile 🧪

Hhayi ezindizeni zabagibeli noma nini maduze. Imithetho yase-US ngaphansi kweNgxenye 121 icacile: udinga okungenani abashayeli bezindiza ababili - ukapteni kanye nesikhulu sokuqala. Lokho akusona isiphakamiso, kubhalwe emthethweni [1]. I-Europe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibiqhuba izifundo ezibucayi ku-Extended Minimum Crew Operations (eMCO) kanye ne-Single-Pilot Ops (SiPO). Isiphetho sabo siqu? Ngokusetha kwamanje kwe-cockpit, okwamanje abakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi iphephile njengezisebenzi ezimbili . Okuwumthetho okhulumayo: cha, hhayi okwamanje [2].

Inothi le-decoder: uma bethi "izinga elilinganayo lokuphepha," basho ukuthi ukusethwa kwenqubo ye-automation-plus-procedure kufanele okungenani kufane nemiphumela yokuphepha yabashayeli bezindiza ababili - okuhlanganisa lapho kunqwabelana khona ukwehluleka okuxakile, okungcolile, okungenzeka okuphansi-kodwa-okuphezulu.

Kungani i-AI kuma-cockpit ingasiza 🚀

Uma abantu bezwa “umshayeli we-AI,” bacabanga nge-android enesigqoko sikakapteni. Abalawuli abakuboni kanjalo. Baphatha i-AI njengamathuluzi esoftware , okumele idlule ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo olubalulekile. Kufakwe uzimele kanjalo, inani licacile:

• Ukushelela komthwalo womsebenzi phakathi nezikhathi ezimatasatasa, kugudluzela abashayeli bezindiza bebheke ezintweni ezibalulekile.

• Ukungaguquguquki kanye nezixwayiso ngakho-ke amaphutha amancane amancane adlula lapho iziphazamiso zinqwabelana.

• Ukunemba okubukhali emisebenzini evamile - isivinini, ukuphakama, amandla - ngakho ukusebenza akuzuli.

• Amanethi okuphepha e-Backstop abona ukungqubuzana kusenesikhathi futhi aphakamise izimpendulo ezihlanzekile, ezijwayelekile.

Iqiniso liwukuthi, lapho i-automation yakhiwe kahle futhi abashayeli bezindiza beqeqeshwe kahle, kuzwakala njengomlingo. Uma ifihlekile noma isetshenziswa ngobudlabha, ifana ne-gremlin elinde ukuzoxova nawe. Lokho kushuba kuchaza wonke umdlalo.

Imithethonqubo, imephu yomgwaqo, nokuhlola okwangempela 🧱

• Abashayeli bezindiza ababili basalokhu beyisibopho kuma-ops endiza yase-US ngaphansi kweNgxenye 121. Isikhathi [1].

• Ukubuyekezwa kwe-EASA kwezikimu zomshayeli oyedwa kumake izikhala ezingcolile: indlela yokuthola ukungakwazi ukusebenza komshayeli okungazelelwe, ohlola ukuthi yini, ukuphatha ama-spikes omsebenzi, kanye nokubhekana nezimo ezingavamile. Isinqumo sabo: ukulingana kokuphepha akukafakazelwa [2].

• Ukuma kwe-AI kwe-FAA kusobala ngokuqabulayo: don't anthropomorphize . Phatha i-AI njengethuluzi, hlanganisa ngokucophelela, uqinisekise ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka ezikhona. Lokho kucaca kugcina ukuziphendulela kuqondile [3].

Uma ungene ucabanga ukuthi impendulo isivele ithi “yebo, abashayeli bezindiza bazoshabalala maduze,” lokhu cishe kuyamangaza. Indiza ihamba kuphela ngesivinini sobufakazi bokuphepha.

Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe ongandiza ngabo namuhla 🧩

Amasistimu amaningi asevele esebenza bukhoma:

• I-Garmin Emergency Autoland (GA + amajethi alula) : ithatha izintambo futhi ihlale uma umshayeli engakwazi. Iqinisekiswe kusukela ngo-2020, manje isisabalele kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Isisindisi sempilo - kodwa esakhelwe njengesipele, hhayi esingena esikhundleni [4].

• Izivivinyo ze-Airbus DragonFly : itekisi elizenzakalelayo, i-auto-diversion, nosizo lokuhlala kumajethi amakhulu. Ifakwe ngokubucayi njengokusiza umshayeli wendiza, hhayi ukuvala isikhala.

• Ukugwema ukungqubuzana okuhlakaniphile + izexwayiso : ama-alamu ambalwa enkathazo, izimpawu zangaphambili, imiyalelo ecacile. Konke ukukhulisa, hhayi ukususa .

Umshayeli wendiza oyedwa, usizo lwaphansi, nezingcezu zendida ezingekho 🧩🧩

Akukho ukushintsha kokuvula/ukuvala lapha - okufana nesikali esishelelayo:

• I-Single Pilot + Automation : sabalalisa kabusha imisebenzi yokuhlola okwesibili kusofthiwe nohlu lokuhlola. Kuzwakala kumnandi kumaslayidi; iqiniso lizabalaza nokwehluleka okungazelelwe kanye nokukhuphuka komthwalo womsebenzi [2].

• I-Pilot eyodwa + I-Ground Operator : umshayeli oyedwa ogibele, uchwepheshe okude oqapha izindiza eziningi. Ngombono, esebenza kahle. Ngokusebenza? Isebenza kuphela uma ama-comms eqinile, ama-handoffs crisp, kanye nemijikelezo yokulayisha ngokweqile kwesithukuthezi ilawulwa. Abantu abawona amarobhothi, kungaba ku-cockpit noma esihlalweni esiphansi.

• Okutholakele ocwaningweni : I-FAA ilokhu igxile ekuziphenduleleni nasekuqinisekiseni okukhulayo , kunokuba kube nemicabango engaqondakali “yeqembu le-AI” [3].

Ngakho-ke uma usabuza ukuthi ingabe lezi zibalwa “njenge-AI ethatha indawo yabashayeli bezindiza” - kahle-hle, kuphela uma bengalingana ngokulinganayo nokuphepha komshayeli ababili ezimeni eziyivelakancane, eziphithene . Leyo ibha ephezulu kakhulu.

Impahla kuqala 📦✈️

Akuyona impikiswano kangako ukuzama ukuzimela ezindizeni ezithwala impahla . Amaphrojekthi amaningana ajaha isitifiketi sokuzimela kwesango nesango nomuntu ogadile (okude noma ogibele). Cabanga: abashayeli bezindiza baphinde banikezwa umsebenzi, ukugcwala kwenzwa, kanye nemizila ekhawulelwe ngokucophelela.

Izici zobuntu: indida 🧠

Ukuzenzakalela kuhle ekuvimbeleni amaphutha - futhi kuhle ngokulinganayo ekudaleni amasha sha. Izicupho ezimbili eziphindaphindayo:

• Ukudideka kwemodi nokunakwa : Abasebenzi kwesinye isikhathi bahumusha kabi lokho okwenziwa yisistimu. Lungisa = ukuklama okusobala + ukuqeqeshwa mayelana nokuqwashisa kwemodi.

• Ukufiphala kwekhono : Ukwelula kwe-autopilot okushelelayo kuguguleka ama-chop andizayo. I-FAA yaze yakhipha nezaziso ezikhumbuza izinkampani zezindiza ukuthi zigcine amakhono okwenziwa ngesandla ebukhali [5].

Naphezu kwakho konke lokho, indiza yezentengiselwano isengenye yezinto eziphephe kakhulu ezenziwa abantu. Kungani? Ngoba ukuphepha kunezingqimba: abantu, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinqubo ezidlulanayo njengezikhali.

Ukuhlangana kwesingathekiso esibi kancane 🌧️🛫

Ukundiza nge-automation eqinile kufana nokuba nesambulela esihle esizitshekisayo, esivimba ukuvunguza, mhlawumbe sikuhlabe ngothingo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi umoya uya eceleni futhi - yebo - usadinga izandla. Abashayeli bezindiza yilezo zandla. (Kulungile, mhlawumbe isingathekiso esingaqondakali, kodwa sisebenza kahle ngokwanele.)

Ishadi lokuqhathanisa elingcolile 🧮

(Ngoba okungokoqobo akuvamile ukulingana kahle emathebula.)

Yini okungadingeka ishintshe ngaphambi kokuba abashayeli bezindiza abambalwa bandizise indiza yakho? 🧩

• Kuboniswe ukuphepha okulinganayo noma okungcono ezimweni ezingavamile. Hhayi amavayibhu - idatha .

• I-automation ebonisa ngale enokuqwashisa ngemodi ecacile nokuziphatha kokwehluleka ukusebenza .

• I-Harden comms/cybersecurity yanoma yiziphi izici ezikude.

• Ukuziphendulela + izindlela zesitifiketi abalawuli abazethembayo [3].

• Ukuqeqeshwa okugcina amakhono okwenziwa ngesandla ephila , hhayi nje ukucindezela izinkinobho [5].

• Ukwamukelwa komshwalense womphakathi + ngemva kwalokhu okungenhla - hhayi ngaphambili.

• Ukuvumelanisa umhlaba wonke ukuze ukweqa umngcele owodwa akuphakamisi ukuthobelana.

Isithombe esikhulu sokuphepha 📈

Ukuthuthuka kwendiza ngezendlalelo - ezobuchwepheshe, abantu, nezinqubo ezivikelana ngokuphambene. Yingakho izinguquko ziza kancane futhi zilandelana. Kuseduzane? Lindela ukuzenzela okunika amandla umshayeli , hhayi izihlalo ezingenalutho ngaphambili.

Ngakho… Ingabe abashayeli bezindiza bazothathelwa indawo i-AI? 🧩

Umbuzo ongcono: Yimiphi imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, nini, futhi ngaphansi kwabuphi ubufakazi bokuphepha - kuyilapho kugcinwa abantu belawula? I-FAA ixwayisa ngokoqobo ngokwenziwa samuntu kwe-AI. Imephu yomgwaqo yabo iyibeka njengamathuluzi aqinisekisiwe , hhayi "ama-robot copilot" [3].

Ngakho-ke i-trajectory ithi: usizo olwengeziwe, oluvivinywa empahleni, oluthuthela kancane kubagibeli uma luzuza ilungelo. Umshayeli wendiza akashabalali - ushintshela ekugadweni, esinqumweni, nasekuqineni.

Isiphetho 💬

I-AI kuma-cockpit akuwona umlingo futhi ayiyona inhlekelele. Kungolunye uhlelo lokulawula okufanele luzibonakalise ngokunikezwa izitifiketi nokuqeqeshwa. Kubagibeli, lokho kusho izici eziningi zokusiza ukuphepha kuqala, izihlalo ezingenalutho ngeke neze (okungenani kungekudala). Kubashayeli bezindiza, kusho ukuguqukela ekubeni abaphathi besistimu ababukhali ngenkathi begcina ukundiza ngesandla kuphila. Yenza lokho kahle, kanye nombuzo othi "Ingabe i-AI izothatha indawo yabashayeli bezindiza?" iyafiphala, ngoba iqiniso lithakazelisa kakhulu: abashayeli bezindiza kanye nobuhlakani, i-automation efakazelwe yenza ukuhamba kwezindiza kuphephe nakakhulu.

TL;DR 🧳

• Cha , i-AI ngeke ithathele abashayeli bezindiza noma nini maduze.

• Yebo , i-automation ilokhu iza - ngokucophelela, ngokuqinisekile.

• Impahla kuqala, abagibeli kamuva , kuphela ngemva kokunqwabelana kobufakazi bokuphepha.

• Abantu bahlala bemaphakathi , ngoba ukwahlulela nokuhlola okuphambene akuyona inketho.

Izithenjwa

[1] FAA (14 CFR §121.385 - Ukwakhiwa kwabasebenzi basendizeni). Ihhovisi Likahulumeni Lokushicilela lase-US. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/cfr/14/121?link-type=pdf§ionnum=385&year=mostrecent

[2] I-EASA (I-eMCO-SiPO Enwetshiwe Imisebenzi Yabasebenzi Encane). Ikhasi lesifinyezo seziphetho. https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/research-projects/emco-sipo-extended-minimum-crew-operations-single-pilot-operations-safety-risk

[3] I-FAA (I-Roadmap Yesiqiniseko Sokuphepha Kokuhlakanipha Kokwenziwa). "Gwema Ukwenza Samuntu: Phatha i-AI njengethuluzi, hhayi umuntu." https://www.faa.gov/media/82891

[4] I-Piper Aircraft Press Release (May 18, 2020). Indiza yokuqala ehlome i-Garmin Autoland ukuthola isitifiketi sohlobo lwe-FAA (M600/SLS). https://cutteraviation.com/2020/05/first-garmin-autoland-equipped-aircraft-to-receive-type-certification/

[5] I-FAA SAFO 13002 - Ukusebenza Kwezindiza Mathupha. Ikhuthaza ukugcinwa kobuchule bokundiza mathupha. https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/SAFO13002.pdf

Thola i-AI yakamuva esitolo esisemthethweni somsizi we-AI

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