Ubani owadala i-AI?

Impendulo emfushane: I-AI ayizange idalwe ngumuntu oyedwa; yavela ngomsebenzi wabacwaningi abaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma kudingeka umsunguli oyedwa osemthethweni, uJohn McCarthy uyimpendulo ejwayelekile, kanti u-Alan Turing nabanye babeka izisekelo ezijulile ( Stanford , Britannica ).

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele:

Isikweletu : Qamba uJohn McCarthy uma umbuzo uphathelene ne-AI njengensimu esemthethweni.

Imvelaphi : Caphuna u-Alan Turing lapho kugxilwe emibonweni yokuqala ngemuva kokucabanga komshini.

Abakhi : Faka uNewell, uSimon, noMinsky lapho bexoxa ngezinhlelo zokuqala ze-AI ezisebenzayo.

Umbono : Gwema ukulandisa okuhlakaniphile okuzimele; chaza ukuthi i-AI ikhule ngemikhakha ehambisanayo kanye namaqembu abambisene.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesimanje : Gcizelela ukuthi i-AI yanamuhla incike ekubambisaneni okukhulu, idatha, ihadiwe, kanye nobunjiniyela.

Ubani Odale I-AI? Impendulo Emfushane Eqondile 🧠

Masingazenzi izinto zibe nzima kakhulu ekuqaleni.

Uma umuntu ebuza ukuthi ubani owadala i-AI?, impendulo emfushane evame kakhulu yile: i-AI njengensimu esemthethweni ivame ukubongwa nguJohn McCarthy , ngoba wasiza ekuchazeni ngokucacile futhi wanikeza le nsimu igama layo. Kodwa leyo mpendulo iyingxenye nje yesithombe. ( www-formal.stanford.edu )

Abanye abanikeli abakhulu bafaka:

• U-Alan Turing - ngokubuza ukuthi imishini ingacabanga yini kanye nokubeka isisekelo esibalulekile semfundiso

• UMarvin Minsky - ngokuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo lwe-AI lwasekuqaleni ngendlela ebalulekile, yomphakathi

• U-Allen Newell noHerbert Simon - ngokwakha ezinye zezinhlelo zokuqala ezazilingisa ngempela ukucabanga kwabantu

• Claude Shannon - ngokuxhumanisa i-logic, ulwazi, kanye nezinqubo zomshini ngezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu

• UNorbert Wiener - we-cybernetics, izinhlelo zempendulo, kanye nemibono yokulawula umshini eyondla ukucabanga kwe-AI

Ngakho-ke yebo, kukhona amagama adumile. Kodwa cha, akekho umdali oyedwa ongaphezu kwabo bonke abanye njengenkosi yamarobhothi 👑🤖

I-AI ifana kakhulu nendwangu yokuthunga eyenziwe ngabantu abanamandla kakhulu abanamabhodi okubhala, izibalo, izimpikiswano, kanye nekhofi eliningi kakhulu.

Kungani Umbuzo othi “Ubani Odale I-AI?” Uyinkimbinkimbi Kakhulu Kunokuzwakala Kwawo 🤔

Lo mbuzo uzwakala ulula, kodwa unemibuzo emithathu ehlukene ngaphakathi kwawo.

1. Ubani owasungula umqondo wemishini ehlakaniphile?

Lokho kukubuyisela emuva kakhulu kwifilosofi kanye ne-logic . Kudala ngaphambi kwamakhompyutha anamuhla, abantu base bezibuza kakade ukuthi imicabango ingasebenza ngomshini. Ingabe ukucabanga kungalandela imithetho? Ingabe umshini ungalingisa ukwahlulela? Ingabe ukuhlakanipha kungancishiswa kube yizinyathelo?

Leyo mibuzo ibalulekile ngoba i-AI ayizange ivele ndawo. Yakhula ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi ukucabanga kungase kuchazwe.

2. Ubani owaguqula lo mbono waba yinsimu yocwaningo?

Yilapho insimu ye-AI yaba khona ngokusemthethweni, yahleleka kakhudlwana, yaba nzulu kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokumangala okungacacile, abacwaningi baqala ukuthi, “Ake sichaze inkinga, sakhe amamodeli, senze izivivinyo, futhi senze imishini yenze imisebenzi ehlakaniphile.”

Lokho kushintsha - kusukela ephusheni kuya ekuqondisweni - kuyingxenye enkulu yesizathu esenza uJohn McCarthy athole udumo olungaka.

3. Ubani owakha izinhlelo ezenza i-AI yaba ngokoqobo?

Lesi esinye isendlalelo. Ukuqamba igama lensimu kuyinto eyodwa. Ukwakha izinhlelo eziwusizo kuyinto ehlukile. Abacwaningi abahlukene benze i-AI yaba usizo ngezindlela ezahlukene - ama-algorithms okusesha, ukucabanga okungokomfanekiso, amanethiwekhi ezinzwa, ukufunda komshini, amamodeli olimi, izinhlelo zombono, amarobhothi, noma kunjalo.

Ngakho-ke uma abantu bebuza ukuthi ubani odale i-AI? , bavame ukusho izinto ezahlukene ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Yingakho impendulo ingazwakala ishelela. Futhi lokho kulungile.

Yini Eyenza Inguqulo Enhle Kakhulu Ye-“Who Created AI?” ✅

Inguqulo enhle yalo mbuzo ayifuni umsunguli oyedwa omangalisayo. Ifuna izinga elifanele lodumo .

Nakhu okwenza impendulo ibe yinhle:

• Ihlukanisa ukusungula nokwenza izinto zibe semthethweni

  • Umuntu wokuqala ukucabanga ngobuhlakani bomshini akuyena ngempela umuntu owakha insimu.

• Iqaphela amaphayona amaningi

  • I-AI inezibalo zabasunguli, hhayi umsunguli oyedwa. Lokho kumane nje ukucabanga okuhlanzekile.

• Kuhlanganisa kokubili ithiyori kanye nokwenza

  • Imibono ibalulekile, kodwa nezinhlelo zokusebenza nazo zibalulekile.

• Kugwema ukukhulekelwa kweqhawe

  • Umlando wezobuchwepheshe uthanda inganekwane yobuhlakani obubodwa ngoba kulula ukuyihlanganisa. Umlando wangempela uphithene kakhulu.

• Kuchaza ukuthi kungani amagama athile eqhubeka evela

  • Akuwona wonke umuntu ofake isandla odlale indima efanayo. Abanye baqamba imibono. Abanye bakhe izinhlelo. Abanye baqinisekisa abanye ukuthi yonke into yayifanele ukulandelwa.

• Iyavuma ukuthi insimu ishintshe isimo

  • I-AI yasekuqaleni yayingafani ne-AI yesimanje. Umndeni ofanayo, ifenisha ehlukile.

Mhlawumbe leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokucabanga ngakho. Hhayi ukuthi “Ngubani yedwa okwenzile?” kodwa “Ngubani owakha indlela eyenza kwaba nokwenzeka?” Mhlawumbe akusiyo into exakile kakhulu - kodwa kuseduze kakhulu neqiniso.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa - Abantu Abayinhloko Abaphendula Impendulo ethi “Ubani Odale I-AI?” 📊

Nansi inguqulo enengqondo. Umlando awudingi intengo noma kunjalo 😅

Umfanekiso	Izithameli ezinhle kakhulu	Kungani kusebenza
UJohn McCarthy	Abafundi abafuna impendulo yomsunguli osemthethweni	Waqamba leli gama futhi wasiza ekwakheni i-AI njengensimu efanele. Impendulo ehlanzekile, ikakhulukazi
U-Alan Turing	Abantu abanesifiso sokwazi imvelaphi ejulile	Ngibuzwe ukuthi imishini ingacabanga yini, okuyinto eqala isiphepho sonke 🌩️
UMarvin Minsky	Noma ubani ofunda isiko le-AI lasekuqaleni	Ummeli omkhulu we-AI wasekuqaleni onethonya elikhulu locwaningo kanye nendima ebonakalayo kakhulu
U-Allen Newell + uHerbert Simon	Abathandi be-logic, abantu abathanda ucwaningo	Izinhlelo zokucabanga zasekuqaleni ezakhelwe ngaphakathi - imizamo yangempela yokusebenza, hhayi nje ukuqagela
UClaude Shannon	Abafundi bezobuchwepheshe	Ulwazi oluxhunyiwe, i-logic, kanye nokubala ngendlela eyisisekelo
UNorbert Wiener	Abacabangi bezinhlelo	Izinhlelo zokuphendula kanye nokulawula ziqhubekisele phambili izingxoxo zobuhlakani bomshini
UFrank Rosenblatt	Isixuku sezinhlelo zokufunda	Ukucabanga kwasekuqaleni kwenethiwekhi yezinzwa - okunesifiso sokuvelela, okungaphelele, futhi okungaphambi kwesikhathi sakho
Amaqembu amaningi angaqanjwanga ngamagama	Noma ubani ofuna impendulo yangempela	Ngoba i-AI yayisebenzisana, okuyinto engakhangi kangako kodwa enembile kakhulu 🙃

Udaba lokufometha oluncane lufanele lapha - umlando awuhambelani kahle namathebula esitayela somkhiqizo. Noma kunjalo, uyaliveza iphuzu.

Inganekwane Yomuntu Oyedwa Ohlakaniphile ku-AI 🚫🦸

Abantu bayayithanda indaba yomsunguli oyedwa ngoba izwakala yanelisa. Umuntu oyedwa, umzuzwana owodwa, into eyodwa esunguliwe. Inhle futhi icocekile. Kodwa i-AI iyenqaba ukuziphatha ngaleyo ndlela.

Inganekwane yobuhlakani obubodwa iyaphela ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

• I-AI incike emikhakheni eminingi

  • I-logic

  • izibalo

  • i-neuroscience

  • izilimi

  • ubunjiniyela bekhompyutha

  • isayensi yokuqonda

• Amaphayona ahlukene axazulule izingxenye ezahlukene zephazili

  • eyodwa ibhekane nokucabanga

  • okunye ukufunda okuphathekayo

  • olunye ulwazi olusemthethweni

  • omunye wasunduza imishini ukuze ibhekise olimini noma ekuboneni

• Insimu yathuthuka ngokungalingani

  • Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlelo ezingokomfanekiso zazibusa

  • ngezinye izikhathi izindlela zokufunda zanda

  • ngezinye izikhathi ithemba laphela futhi uxhaso lwaphela

Lokho ukungalingani kubalulekile. Kusho ukuthi i-AI ayizange “isungulwe” nakanye. Yaphinde yacatshangwa kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Iqembu elilodwa lithi ubuhlakani buwukucabanga, elinye lithi kuwukuqashelwa kwephethini, elinye lithi kuwukuzivumelanisa nezimo, bese wonke umuntu ephikisana iminyaka eminingi. Umlando we-AI unjalo impela, kodwa ngeziphakamiso zezibonelelo kanye nezibalo ezengeziwe.

Izisekelo Zokuqala - Ngaphambi Kokuba I-AI Ibe Negama 🏗️

Ngaphambi kokuba i-AI ibe yinsimu eyaziwayo, kwakufanele kube nohlaka lokucabanga ngokucabanga. Umusho ongavamile, yebo, kodwa hlala nami.

Isisekelo savela kubantu abazama ukuphendula imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ukucabanga kungavezwa ngezimpawu?

• Ingabe izinkinga zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinyathelo?

• Ingabe imishini ingalandela imithetho engaqondakali?

• Ingabe ukuhlakanipha kungamelwa kunokuba kumane kuhlonishwe?

Yilapho ukucabanga okusemthethweni kwaba kukhulu khona. Uma ukucabanga kungalinganiswa njengenqubo ehlelekile, mhlawumbe umshini ungaphinda ukhiqize izingxenye zawo. Lowo mbono uzwakala usobala manje, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wawunamandla ngokwanele ukushiya abantu bejabule noma behlazekile kancane.

U-Alan Turing waba yinhloko lapha ngoba wasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi ukubala ngokwako kungaba yini. Lokho kubaluleke ngaphezu kwalokho abantu abavame ukukuqaphela. Ngaphambi kokuthi ubuze ukuthi umshini ungacabanga yini, udinga umqondo wokuthi umshini ungenzani ngempela.

Bese kuba khona uClaude Shannon , owasiza ekuboniseni ukuthi ulwazi lungaphathwa ngokwezibalo. Lokho kuzwakala sengathi akukho gazi ephepheni, kodwa kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Lapho ulwazi, ingqondo, kanye nezifunda seziqalile ukukhuluma ulimi olufanayo, indlela eya kwi-AI yaba ncane kakhulu inkungu.

Ngakho-ke uma ubuza ukuthi ubani owadala i-AI? , awukwazi ukungabanaki laba baklami bokuqala abahlakaniphile. Abazange bamane bangeze izitini - badwebe umdwebo. ( OUP Academic )

UJohn McCarthy kanye Nomzuzu I-AI Yaba Insimu 🏷️💡

Uma umuntu oyedwa efanelwe ukugcizelelwa okukhethekile, nguJohn McCarthy .

Kungani? Ngoba wasiza ekuguquleni imibono ehlakazekile yaba yinsimu eyaziwayo ebizwa ngokuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ukuqamba insimu akuyona into encane. Kubumba uxhaso, ama-ajenda ocwaningo, ubuwena bezemfundo, kanye nomcabango womphakathi. Uma into ethile inegama, abantu bangahlangana bayizungeze, bayixoxe, bayihlasele, bayivikele - ngokuzumayo iba khona ngendlela esemthethweni.

Yingakho abantu abaningi kangaka bephendula umbuzo othi ubani owadala i-AI? ngegama likaMcCarthy.

Indima yakhe ivelele ngoba wenza izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• Waphatha ubuhlakani bomshini njengenselele yesayensi esemthethweni

• Wasiza ekuchazeni i-AI njengendawo ehlukile yokufunda

• Waphokophela imigomo enezinjongo ezinkulu esikhundleni semigomo emincane ekhuphuka kancane kancane

Manje, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ukuqamba insimu akufani nokwakha konke ngaphakathi kuyo ngesandla esisodwa. Noma kunjalo, insimu yayidinga umuntu onesibindi sokusho, empeleni, “Lena yinto, futhi sizoyiphishekela ngokungathi sína.”

Lokho kudinga isibindi. Mhlawumbe nenkani encane yezemfundo... mhlawumbe kokubili. ( www-formal.stanford.edu )

Abakhi - Abantu Abenze I-AI Yenza Okuthile Okusebenzayo ⚙️

Yilapho indaba itholakala khona kalula.

U-Allen Newell noHerbert Simon babebalulekile ngoba badale izinhlelo zokuqala ezazizama ukucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga. Akuyona nje inkolelo-mbono - izinhlelo zangempela. Lowo mehluko mkhulu kakhulu. Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuthi “imishini ingase icabange” nokwakha eyodwa engaxazulula izinkinga ezihlelekile ngendlela efana nomcabango.

UMarvin Minsky naye waba ngomunye wabantu bokuqala ababonakala kakhulu be-AI, esiza ekwakheni isiko locwaningo kanye nokukhuthaza iziqondiso ezivelele. Wayengeyedwa, vele, kodwa ithonya lakhe lafinyelela kude.

Bese kuba nabacwaningi abahlola izinhlelo zokufunda. Lolu hlangothi lwe-AI lubalulekile ngoba ubuhlakani abugcini nje ngokucabanga okuqinile. Buphinde bube ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Imishini ethuthuka ngokudalulwa, impendulo, kanye nokulungiswa imelela ifilosofi ehlukile yobuhlakani - mhlawumbe eguquguqukayo kakhudlwana.

Yilapho ukucabanga kwesitayela senethiwekhi yezinzwa kungena khona engxoxweni. Izinguqulo zokuqala zazilinganiselwe, ngezinye izikhathi zinconywa kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziphathwa njengekusasa ngaphambi kokuba ikusasa lilungele. Kodwa imbewu yayikhona 🌱

Ngakho-ke futhi, ubani owadala i-AI? kuncike ekutheni ukhathalela kakhulu yini:

• ukuchaza insimu,

• ukusungula inkolelo-mbono,

• ukwakha izinhlelo zokuqala zokucabanga,

• noma ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezifundayo.

Indlela ngayinye ikhomba kumaphayona ahambisanayo kodwa ahlukene. ( cmu.edu )

I-AI Engokomfanekiso vs I-AI Yokufunda - Imigwaqo Emibili Emikhulu, Indawo Efanayo... Uhlobo Lwe-🛣️

Le ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho ebonakala ekuqaleni.

Iningi le-AI lakuqala laligxile ekucabangeni okungokomfanekiso . Lokho kusho ukumela ulwazi ngezimpawu, imithetho, kanye nezakhiwo ezinengqondo. Liphatha ubuhlakani njengento efana nokuxazulula izinkinga okuhlelekile.

Elinye igatsha elikhulu ligxile kakhulu ekufundeni idatha , ukuqashelwa kwamaphethini, kanye nokulungiswa. Lokhu kuphatha ubuhlakani njengento eguquguqukayo futhi engabhalwanga ngesandla ngokusobala.

Zombili lezi zindlela zakha i-AI. Zombili zaletha imibono ebalulekile. Zombili zazinemingcele.

I-AI engokomfanekiso yayinamandla lapho:

• imithetho yayicacile

• ukucabanga okunengqondo kubalulekile

• ulwazi lochwepheshe lungabhalwa ngekhodi

I-AI esekelwe ekufundeni yayinamandla lapho:

• amaphethini ayeyinkimbinkimbi

• idatha yayiningi

• inkinga yayihilela ukuqashelwa kunokuthola incazelo ecacile

Inkundla iqhubekile phakathi kwalezi zindlela njengenqola yokuthenga enesondo elilodwa elibi. Isahamba, inomsindo nje 😬

Lokhu kubalulekile kulo mbuzo ngoba “abadali” abahlukene bangamalungu amasiko ahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke lapho umuntu oyedwa ethi uTuring kanti omunye ethi uMcCarthy kanti omunye ethi uRosenblatt, kungenzeka ukuthi ngamunye ukhuluma ngegatsha elihlukile lomfula omkhulu ofanayo. ( britannica.com )

Kungani i-AI yesimanje ingeyona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa 🌍

I-AI yesimanje, uhlobo abantu abalusebenzisayo ekubhaleni, ekukhiqizeni izithombe, ekuncomeni, ekusetshenzisweni kwezwi, ekusesheni, kumarobhothi, nasemisebenzini yolimi, luvela kungqimba ngengqimba yentuthuko.

Kwakudingeka:

• isayensi yekhompyutha yethiyori

• ihadiwe engcono

• amasethi edatha amakhulu

• izindlela zokuqeqesha ezithuthukisiwe

• ukuthuthukiswa kwezibalo

• ubunjiniyela ngezinga

• amaqembu, amalebhu, kanye nengqalasizinda

Leyo yokugcina ibaluleke kakhulu. I-AI yesimanje ihlangene kakhulu. Yakhiwe abacwaningi, abachazi, abaklami be-chip, onjiniyela besofthiwe, amaqembu emikhiqizo, ababuyekezi bezokuphepha, izazi zezilimi, izazi zezibalo, nokuningi. Inganekwane yomsunguli oyedwa iba ncane kakhulu lapha.

Ngakho-ke uma umuntu ebuza, “Ubani owadala i-AI njengoba siyazi manje?” impendulo isukela kwabambalwa abadumile kuya emiphakathini emikhulu yabanikeli.

Futhi lokho kungazwakala kunganeliseki kancane, mhlawumbe. Kodwa kuyiqiniso. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwangempela kuvame ukufana nesikhumbuzo kodwa kufana nedolobha - elixubene, elinongqimba, eligcwele abantu, nelakhiwe ngabantu abangakaze bahlangane.

Kungani Abantu Besafuna Igama Elilodwa 👀

Ngisho nangemva kokuzwa konke lokhu, abantu abaningi basafuna impendulo eyodwa. Lokho kuvamile.

Sifuna ubulula ngoba:

• kulula ukukhumbula

• kwenza kube nezihloko ezingcono

• izikole kanye nabezindaba bavame ukucindezela umlando

• abantu bathanda amaqhawe kakhulu kunezinhlelo

Kukhona futhi isici sokuthembana. Uma unganamathisela into esunguliwe kumuntu oyedwa obonakalayo, indaba izwakala ihlanzekile. Kodwa umlando awusifanelekeli ukucoceka.

Uma kufanele ukhethe igama elilodwa elamukelwa kabanzi ngokusungulwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-AI, uJohn McCarthy ungumuntu ofaneleka kakhulu.

Uma ufuna indaba ejulile yemvelaphi yobuhlakani, u-Alan Turing ungowaseqophelweni eliphezulu.

Uma ufuna abakhi bokuqala abasebenzayo, uNewell, uSimon, noMinsky abanakugwenywa.

Uma ufuna impendulo enembile kakhulu, noma kunjalo? I-AI yadalwa yinethiwekhi yabacabangi nabakhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Lokho akuthandeki kangako, kuyacasula kancane, kodwa nakhu.

Ukuzindla Kokuvala - Ngakho-ke, Ubani Odale I-AI? 🧩

Nasi isiphetho esihlanzekile kunazo zonke.

Ubani owadala i-AI? Akekho noyedwa owadala.

UJohn McCarthy uvame ukudunyiswa ngokusungula i-AI njengensimu esemthethweni ngoba wasiza ekuchazeni futhi wayinika igama. U-Alan Turing wabeka isisekelo esibalulekile somqondo. UNewell noSimon bakha ezinye zezinhlelo zokucabanga zokuqala. UMinsky wafaka ucwaningo lwe-AI lwasekuqaleni endaweni evelele. UShannon , uWiener , uRosenblatt , nabanye abaningi nabo banikele ngezingcezu ezinkulu.

Impendulo yangempela ukusebenzisana.

Futhi lokho kwenza i-AI ibe mnandi kakhulu, hhayi kancane. Kwakungewona umkhiqizo womuntu oyedwa ohlakaniphile obheke esikrinini esikhanyayo ngendlela emangalisayo. Yakhiwe ngezingxoxo, ukwehluleka, izinto ezicashile, ukuhlola, iziphetho ezingapheli, ukubuya, kanye nesifiso esibi. Kunobuntu kakhulu, ngamanye amazwi ❤️

Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esizayo lapho othile ebuza ukuthi ubani odale i-AI? , unganikeza impendulo ehlakaniphile ngaphandle kokuyenza izwakale njengencwadi yesifundo:

I-AI ayizange idalwe ngumuntu oyedwa - kodwa uma udinga umsunguli osemthethweni, uJohn McCarthy yigama abantu abaningi abalikhombayo, kanti u-Alan Turing nabanye abasunguli abaningana baseduze. ( www-formal.stanford.edu )

Kuphithene kancane. Kukhanya kancane. Kungokoqobo kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ubani owadala i-AI ngomqondo olula nowamukeleka kakhulu?

Akekho umuntu oyedwa owadala i-AI eyedwa. Impendulo emfushane ecacile ukuthi uJohn McCarthy uvame ukudunyiswa ngokusungula i-AI njengensimu esemthethweni ngoba wasiza ekuchazeni futhi wayinika igama layo. Impendulo egcwele nenembile kakhulu, nokho, ukuthi i-AI yakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngabacwaningi abaningi.

Kungani uJohn McCarthy evame ukubizwa ngegama uma abantu bebuza ukuthi ubani owadala i-AI?

UJohn McCarthy uvelele ngoba wasiza ekuguquleni imibono ehlakazekile mayelana nobuhlakani bomshini ibe yinsimu yezemfundo eyaziwayo. Ukunikeza i-AI igama kwakubalulekile ngoba kwasiza ekwakheni ucwaningo, ukuxhaswa ngezimali, kanye nengxoxo yomphakathi. Akazange akhe yonke i-AI ngokwakhe, kodwa wadlala indima enkulu ekuyimiseni njengomkhakha osemthethweni.

Ingabe u-Alan Turing wadala i-AI ngaphambi kokuba insimu ibe negama?

U-Alan Turing ungomunye wabantu abavelele kakhulu ku-AI, yize evame ukungachazwa njengomsunguli wayo kuphela. Umsebenzi wakhe wokubala, kanye nombuzo wakhe odumile mayelana nokuthi imishini ingacabanga yini, wanikeza le nsimu izisekelo ezibalulekile zomqondo. Wasiza ekwenzeni i-AI icabangeke ngaphambi kokuba ibe yindawo ehlelekile yocwaningo.

Ubani owakha izinhlelo zokuqala ze-AI ezaxazulula izinkinga?

U-Allen Newell noHerbert Simon babalulekile lapha ngoba bakhe ezinye zezinhlelo zokuqala eziklanyelwe ukulingisa ukucabanga kwabantu nokuxazulula izinkinga. Lokho kwabenza babaluleka kakhulu emlandweni osebenzayo we-AI. Umsebenzi wabo ukhombisile ukuthi ubuhlakani bomshini bungasuka embonweni buye ezinhlelweni zokusebenza.

Iyiphi indima eyadlalwa uMarvin Minsky ekuqaleni kobuchwepheshe be-AI?

UMarvin Minsky wayengomunye wabacwaningi bokuqala be-AI ababonakala kakhulu nabanethonya. Wasiza ekuqhubekiseleni phambili insimu kokubili ezindaweni zomphakathi nezemfundo, ekwakheni isiko locwaningo futhi ekhuthaza imigomo yokuzidela. Wayengeyena yedwa iphayona, kodwa ithonya lakhe lamenza waba ngelinye lamagama ahlala ebonakala kunoma yimuphi umlando obalulekile we-AI.

UClaude Shannon noNorbert Wiener babathinta kanjani ubuhlakani bokwenziwa?

UClaude Shannon wasiza ekuhlanganiseni i-logic, ulwazi, kanye nokubala ngezindlela ezenza i-AI yakamuva yasebenza kangcono kakhulu. Umsebenzi kaNorbert Wiener ku-cybernetics, impendulo, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula nawo wabumba indlela abantu ababecabanga ngayo ngemishini ehlakaniphile. Akekho kubo ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi umdali oyedwa we-AI, kodwa bobabili basize ekwakheni uhlaka lobuhlakani oluzungezile.

Kungani umbuzo othi “ubani owadala i-AI?” unzima kunalokho ozwakalayo?

Ngoba abantu bavame ukusho izinto ezahlukene uma bebuza. Abanye basho ukuthi ubani owaqala ukucabanga ngemishini ehlakaniphile, abanye basho ukuthi ubani owaguqula i-AI yaba insimu esemthethweni, kanti abanye basho ukuthi ubani owakha izinhlelo zokuqala ezazisebenza ngempela. Uma lezo zincazelo sezihlukanisiwe, impendulo iba sobala futhi ibambisane kakhulu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-AI engokomfanekiso kanye ne-AI esekelwe ekufundeni?

I-AI engokomfanekiso iphatha ubuhlakani njengemithetho, izimpawu, kanye ne-logic ehlelekile. I-AI esekelwe ekufundeni igxila kakhulu kumaphethini, idatha, kanye nezinhlelo ezithuthuka ngokuvezwa kanye nempendulo. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi zombili izindlela zakha insimu, yingakho amaphayona ahlukene ehlotshaniswa nemibono ehlukene yokuthi i-AI kufanele ibe yini.

Ubani owadala i-AI njengoba siyisebenzisa namuhla kuma-chatbot, ekusesheni, nakumathuluzi ezithombe?

I-AI yesimanje ayiyona ngisho nomsebenzi womuntu oyedwa kune-AI yasekuqaleni. Yakhula ngezingqimba zethiyori, inqubekela phambili yehadiwe, amasethi edatha amakhulu, izindlela zokuqeqesha ezingcono, kanye nobunjiniyela obukhulu. Empeleni, i-AI abantu abayisebenzisayo namuhla ivela emiphakathini emikhulu yabacwaningi, onjiniyela, abachazi, kanye namaqembu omkhiqizo kunokuba ivela kumsunguli oyedwa.

Kungani abantu besafuna igama elilodwa lomuntu odale i-AI?

Abantu bavame ukufuna igama elilodwa ngoba lenza umlando ukhumbuleke kalula futhi kube lula ukuwuchaza. Indaba yomsunguli oyedwa izwakala ihlanzekile, noma ngabe ayiphelele. Yingakho uJohn McCarthy evame ukunikezwa njengempendulo yomsunguli esemthethweni, kanti u-Alan Turing nabanye abasunguli behlala bebalulekile endabeni ephelele.

Izinkomba

1. IYunivesithi yaseStanford - Isiphakamiso sephrojekthi yocwaningo lwasehlobo lwaseDartmouth mayelana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa - www-formal.stanford.edu

2. I-Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa - plato.stanford.edu

1. I-Oxford Academic (Ijenali Yengqondo) - Imishini Nobuhlakani Bekhompyutha - academic.oup.com

2. I-Oxford Academic (Izinqubo ze-London Mathematical Society) - Kumanani Angabalwa, kanye nesicelo ku-Entscheidungsproblem - academic.oup.com

3. Izindaba ze-MIT - Umbiko wokufa kukaMarvin Minsky - news.mit.edu

4. I-Carnegie Mellon University - Umlando – I-Simon Initiative - cmu.edu

5. I-Nokia Bell Labs - UClaude Shannon kanye nesikhathi sedijithali - nokia.com

6. I-Encyclopaedia Britannica - Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa: Izindlela nemigomo ku-AI - britannica.com

7. I-Cornell Chronicle - I-Perceptron yavula indlela ye-AI - news.cornell.edu

Thola i-AI Yakamuva Esitolo Esisemthethweni Somsizi we-AI

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