Ingabe i-AI izothatha indawo ye-Radiologists? [Ividiyo kanye nombuzo]

Impendulo emfushane: I-AI ngeke ithathe indawo yodokotela bemisebe ngokugcwele maduze nje; ikakhulukazi izokwenza imisebenzi emincane efana nokuhlola, ukuthola amaphethini, kanye nokulinganisa, kuyilapho ikhuthaza indima ekuqondiseni, ukuxhumana okucacile, kanye nokwahlulela okubaluleke kakhulu. Uma odokotela bemisebe bengazivumelanisi nemisebenzi yokusebenza enikwe amandla yi-AI, basengozini yokushiywa ngaphandle, kodwa umthwalo wemfanelo wezokwelapha usalokhu ungowabantu.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele:

Ushintsho lokuhamba komsebenzi: Lindela ukulinganisa, ukulinganisa, kanye nokusekelwa "komfundi wesibili" ukuze kukhule ngokushesha.

Ukuziphendulela: Odokotela bemisebe basalokhu bengababhali abaphendulayo ekubikeni kwezokwelapha okusekelwa yi-AI.

Ukuqinisekiswa: Amathuluzi okuthembela kuphela uma evivinywa kuzo zonke izingosi, amaskena, kanye nenani leziguli.

Ukumelana nokusebenzisa kabi: Nciphisa umsindo wokuxwayisa futhi uvikele ukwehluleka buthule, ukuzulazula, kanye nokuthambekela.

Ukuvikela ikusasa: Funda izindlela zokwehluleka kwe-AI bese ujoyina ukuphatha ukuze uqondise ukuthunyelwa okuphephile.

Izihloko ongase uthande ukuzifunda ngemva kwalesi:

🔗 Ingabe i-AI izothatha indawo yodokotela: ikusasa lezokwelapha
Ukubuka okungokoqobo indima ye-AI emisebenzini yezokwelapha yesimanje.

🔗 Indlela i-AI esiza ngayo ezolimo
Izindlela i-AI ethuthukisa ngazo isivuno, ukuhlela, kanye nokwenza izinqumo zepulazi.

🔗 Kungani i-AI imbi emphakathini
Izingozi ezifana nokucwasa, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ukubhekwa, kanye nokwaziswa okunganembile.

🔗 Indlela i-AI ethola ngayo izinto ezingavamile
Indlela amamodeli abonisa ngayo ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kudatha nasezinhlelweni.

Ukuhlola iqiniso ngokusobala: lokho i-AI ekwenzayo njengamanje ✅

I-AI ku-radiology namuhla inamandla kakhulu emisebenzini emincane:

• Ukumaka okutholakele okuphuthumayo ukuze izifundo ezesabekayo zigxume emgqeni (ukuhlolwa kwe-triage) 🚨

• Ukuthola “amaphethini aziwayo” njengamaqhubu, ukuphuma kwegazi, ukwaphuka, i-emboli, njll.

• Ukukala izinto abantu abangazilinganisa kodwa abakuzondayo ukukala (ubuningi, ubukhulu, ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi) 📏

• Ukusiza izinhlelo zokuhlola ukuphatha ivolumu ngaphandle kokukhathaza abantu

Futhi akuyona nje into exakile: i-radiology elawulwayo, emtholampilo i-AI isivele yakha ingxenye enkulu yendawo yedivayisi ye-AI yezokwelapha. Ukubuyekezwa okukodwa kwe-taxonomy ka-2025 kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha agunyazwe yi-FDA e-AI/ML (ahlanganisa ukugunyazwa okubhalwe yi-FDA kusukela ngoDisemba 20, 2024) kuthole ukuthi amadivayisi amaningi athatha izithombe njengokufaka, kanti i-radiology yayiyiphaneli yokubuyekezwa ehamba phambili kwabaningi. Lokho kuyisibikezelo esikhulu mayelana nokuthi "i-AI yezokwelapha" ifika kuphi kuqala. [1]

Kodwa "okuwusizo" akufani "nokushintsha udokotela ozimele." Ibha ehlukene, ingozi ehlukene, umthwalo wemfanelo ohlukile...

Kungani "ukufaka esikhundleni" kuyisibonelo sengqondo esingalungile isikhathi esiningi 🧠

I-Radiology akuyona nje "ukubuka amaphikseli, ukubiza isifo."

Empeleni, odokotela be-radiology benza izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukunquma ukuthi umbuzo wezokwelapha uyahambisana yini nokuhlolwa oku-odiwe

• Ukulinganisa izinto zangaphambilini, umlando wokuhlinzwa, izinto zobuciko, kanye namacala asemaphethelweni amancane

• Ukubiza udokotela oqondisa abanye ukuze achaze ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela

• Ukuncoma izinyathelo ezilandelayo, hhayi nje ukulebula okutholakele

• Ukuba nomthwalo wemfanelo wezokwelapha nomthetho ngombiko

Nasi isigcawu esisheshayo esithi “kuzwakala kuyisicefe, ingabe yikho konke”:

Kungu-02:07. Ikhanda le-CT. I-artifact yokunyakaza. Umlando uthi “isiyezi,” inothi lomhlengikazi lithi “ukuwa,” kanti uhlu lwemithi yokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi luthi “uh-oh.”
Umsebenzi awusiwo “ama-spot bleed pixels.” Umsebenzi uwukuhlela + umongo + ingozi + ukucaca kwesinyathelo esilandelayo.

Yingakho umphumela ovame kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha uwukuthi: I-AI isekela odokotela be-radiology kunokubaqeda.

Futhi imiphakathi eminingi ye-radiology ibilokhu icacile mayelana nongqimba lwabantu: isitatimende sokuziphatha sezinhlangano eziningi (i-ACR/ESR/RSNA/SIIM nabanye) sibeka i-AI njengento ochwepheshe be-radiology okumele bayiphathe ngokuzibophezela - kufaka phakathi iqiniso lokuthi ochwepheshe be-radiology bahlala benomthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekelwa kweziguli emsebenzini osekelwa yi-AI. [2]

Yini eyenza inguqulo ye-AI ibe yinhle ye-radiology? 🔍

Uma wahlulela uhlelo lwe-AI (noma unquma ukuthi uzolwethemba yini), "inguqulo enhle" akuyona leyo ene-demo epholile kakhulu. Yileyo esindayo uma ithintana neqiniso lezokwelapha.

Ithuluzi elihle le-radiology AI livame ukuba nalokhu:

• I-scope ecacile - yenza into eyodwa kahle (noma isethi yezinto ezichazwe kahle)

• Ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile - kuhlolwe kumasayithi ahlukene, amaskena, abantu

• Ukulingana kokuhamba komsebenzi - kuhlanganiswa ne-PACS/RIS ngaphandle kokwenza wonke umuntu abe lusizi

• Umsindo ophansi - izexwayiso zodoti ezimbalwa kanye nemiphumela engamanga (noma uzoyishaya indiva)

• Ukuchaza okusizayo - hhayi ukucaca okuphelele, kodwa okwanele ukuqinisekisa

• Ukubusa - ukuqapha ukukhukhuleka, ukwehluleka, ubandlululo olungalindelekile

• Ukuziphendulela - ukucaca kokuthi ubani osayinayo, ukuthi ubani ongumnikazi wamaphutha, nokuthi ubani okhulisayo

Futhi: “kusuliwe yi-FDA” (noma okulinganayo) kuyisignali enenjongo - kodwa akuyona into ephephile. Ngisho nohlu lwamadivayisi asebenzisa i-AI lwe-FDA luhlelwe njengomthombo wokubonisa ongewona ophelele, futhi indlela yalo yokufaka incike ngokwengxenye endleleni amadivayisi achaza ngayo i-AI ezintweni zomphakathi. Ukuhumusha: usadinga ukuhlolwa kwendawo kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. [3]

Lokhu kuzwakala kuyisicefe… futhi kuyisicefe kuhle kwezokwelapha. Ukuyisicefe kuphephile 😬

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa: ochwepheshe bemisebe yezinketho ze-AI abavamile bahlangana nabo 📊

Amanani avame ukusekelwe ezilinganisweni, ngakho-ke ngigcina leyo ngxenye ingacacile emakethe (ngoba ivame ukuba njalo).

Ukufometha ukuvuma okungavamile: "Intengo" ayicaci ngoba abathengisi bathanda amanani angacacile. Akusimina obalekelayo, yileyo imakethe 😅

Lapho i-AI ingadlula khona umuntu ojwayelekile emigwaqweni emincane 🏁

I-AI ikhanya kakhulu uma umsebenzi:

• Kuphindaphindwa kakhulu

• Iphethini-ezinzile

• Kumelwe kahle kudatha yokuqeqeshwa

• Kulula ukuthola amaphuzu uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sokubhekisela

Kweminye imisebenzi yesitayela sokuhlola, i-AI ingasebenza njengesethi yamehlo engeziwe eqhubekayo. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa okukhulu kokubuyela emuva kohlelo lwe-AI lokuhlola amabele kubike ukusebenza okuqinile okumaphakathi kokufunda nokuqhathaniswa (yi-AUC esifundweni esisodwa somfundi) futhi kwaze kwancishiswa umthwalo womsebenzi olingiswayo ekusethweni kokufunda okuphindwe kabili kwesitayela sase-UK. Lokho "umzila omncane" ukunqoba: umsebenzi wephethini oqhubekayo, ngezinga. [4]

Kodwa futhi... lokhu usizo lokusebenza, hhayi ukuthi “i-AI ithatha indawo kadokotela we-radiologist ongumnikazi womphumela.”

Lapho i-AI isabhekene nobunzima (futhi akuyona into encane) ⚠️

I-AI ingaba mnandi kodwa ihluleke ngezindlela ezibalulekile ngokwezokwelapha. Amaphuzu avamile obuhlungu:

• Amacala okusabalala ngaphandle kokusabalalisa: izifo ezingavamile, ukwakheka komzimba okungajwayelekile, izinkinga zangemva kokuhlinzwa

• Ubumpumputhe bomongo: okutholakele kwezithombe ngaphandle "kwendaba" kungadukisa

• Ukuzwela kwezinto ezidaliwe: ukunyakaza, insimbi, izilungiselelo zesikena ezingajwayelekile, isikhathi sokuhlukanisa... izinto ezijabulisayo

• Okuhle okungamanga: usuku olulodwa olubi lwe-AI lungadala umsebenzi owengeziwe esikhundleni sokonga isikhathi

• Ukwehluleka buthule: uhlobo oluyingozi - lapho kuphuthelwa okuthile buthule

• Ukuzulazula kwedatha: ukusebenza kuyashintsha lapho amaphrothokholi, imishini, noma abantu beshintsha

Leso sokugcina asiyona into ecatshangelwayo. Ngisho namamodeli ezithombe asebenza kahle angahamba lapho indlela izithombe ezitholakala ngayo ishintsha (ukushintshana kwehadiwe yesikena, izibuyekezo zesofthiwe, ukulungiswa kokwakhiwa kabusha), futhi lokho kuhamba kungashintsha ukuzwela/ukucaciswa okubalulekile ngokwezokwelapha ngezindlela ezibalulekile ekulimaleni. Yingakho "ukuqapha ekukhiqizeni" kungeyona into evame ukukhulunywa ngayo - kuyisidingo sokuphepha. [5]

Futhi - futhi lokhu kukhulu - umthwalo wemfanelo wezokwelapha awushintsheli ku-algorithm. Ezindaweni eziningi, isazi se-radiologist sihlala sisayina ngendlela enesibopho, okukhawulela ukuthi ungaba kanjani othembekile. [2]

Umsebenzi we-radiologist okhula, hhayi onciphayo 🌱

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AI ingenza i-radiology ibe “njengodokotela” kakhulu, hhayi kancane.

Njengoba okuzenzakalelayo kukhula, odokotela bemisebe bavame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ku:

• Amacala anzima kanye neziguli ezinezinkinga eziningi (lezo i-AI ezizizondayo)

• Ukuhlelwa kwephrothokholi, ukufaneleka, kanye nokwakhiwa kwendlela

• Ukuchaza okutholakele kodokotela, amabhodi omdlavuza, kanye neziguli ngezinye izikhathi 🗣️

• Izinqubo ze-radiology ezingenelelayo kanye nezinqubo eziqondiswa yizithombe (ezingezona ezenzakalelayo kakhulu)

• Ubuholi obusezingeni eliphezulu: ukuqapha ukusebenza kwe-AI, ukwakha ukwamukelwa okuphephile

Kukhona futhi indima "ye-meta": othile kufanele aqondise imishini. Kufana ne-autopilot - usafuna abashayeli bezindiza. Mhlawumbe isifaniso esinephutha kancane ... kodwa uyasiqonda.

Ochwepheshe be-AI abathatha indawo yodokotela bemisebe: impendulo eqondile 🤷♀️🤷♂️

• Isikhathi esiseduze: ithatha indawo yezingcezu zomsebenzi (izilinganiso, i-triage, amaphethini athile omfundi wesibili), futhi ishintsha izidingo zabasebenzi emaphethelweni.

• Isikhathi eside: ingenza imisebenzi ethile yokuhlola isebenze ngokuzenzakalela, kodwa isadinga ukuqondiswa ngabantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi zezempilo.

• Umphumela ongaba khona kakhulu: odokotela be-radiology + i-AI basebenza kahle kakhulu bebodwa, futhi umsebenzi ushintshela ekuqondiseni, ekuxhumaneni, nasekuthatheni izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Uma ungumfundi wezokwelapha noma udokotela osemncane: indlela yokuvikela ikusasa (ngaphandle kokwethuka) 🧩

Izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo ezisizayo, noma ngabe awukho “ezobuchwepheshe”:

• Funda ukuthi i-AI yehluleka kanjani (ukubandlulula, ukuzulazula, imiphumela engamanga) - lokhu sekuyimfundo yokwelapha manje [5]

• Thola ukwaneliseka ngezisekelo zomsebenzi kanye ne-informatics (i-PACS, ukubika okuhlelekile, i-QA)

• Yakha imikhuba eqinile yokuxhumana - ungqimba lomuntu luba yigugu kakhulu

• Uma kungenzeka, joyina iqembu lokuhlola i-AI noma lokuphatha esibhedlela sakho.

• Gxila ezindaweni ezinesimo esiphakeme + izinqubo (i-IR, i-neuro eyinkimbinkimbi, i-oncologic imaging)

Futhi yebo, yiba ngumuntu ongathi: “Lo modeli uwusizo lapha, uyingozi laphaya, futhi nansi indlela esiwuqapha ngayo.” Lowo muntu kuba nzima ukumshintsha.

Isiphetho + ukuthatha okusheshayo 🧠✨

I-AI izoshintsha ngokuphelele i-radiology, futhi ukwenza sengathi akunjalo kuyindlela yokuxazulula le nkinga. Kodwa indaba ethi “ososayensi be-radiology balahlekile” iwukuchofoza kakhulu ngejazi lelebhu.

Ukuthatha okusheshayo

• I-AI isivele isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa, ukwesekwa kokuthola, kanye nosizo lokulinganisa.

• Kuhle kakhulu emisebenzini emincane, ephindaphindwayo - futhi kuyantengantenga ngenxa yeqiniso elingavamile neliphezulu lezokwelapha.

• Ochwepheshe bemisebe benza okungaphezu kokuthola amaphethini - bahlela, baxhumane, futhi bathwale umthwalo wemfanelo.

• Ikusasa elingokoqobo kakhulu “odokotela bemisebe abasebenzisa i-AI” abathatha indawo “yodokotela bemisebe abenqabayo,” hhayi i-AI ethatha indawo yochwepheshe abathengisa ngobuningi. 

Isibonelo sangempela: Ukwakha umsebenzi wokuhlola i-CT head AI triage ebusuku

Isimo

Isibhedlela esiphakathi nendawo sinodokotela oyedwa we-radiation ohlanganisa izithombe eziphuthumayo ebusuku. Phakathi kuka-22:00 no-07:00, uhlu lomsebenzi lugcwele amakhanda e-CT ngenxa yokuwa, ukudideka, isiyezi, iziguli ezingasebenzi kahle, kanye nohlangothi okusolwa ukuthi lunesifo sohlangothi.

Umgomo awukuvumeli i-AI ikhiphe imibiko. Umgomo uwukusiza ithimba elisebenza lapho libizwa ukuthi libone ukopha okungaba khona okuphuthumayo ngaphakathi kobuchopho ngokushesha, kuyilapho kugcinwa udokotela we-radiologist njengomsayini ophendulayo.

Kulokhu kusetha, i-AI isebenza njengesendlalelo sokuhlola: ibuyekeza izifundo zekhanda ze-CT ezingenayo ngaphandle kokungafani, ihlola ukuphuma kwegazi okunamandla okungenzeka, futhi ithuthukise lezo zifundo emgqeni wokufunda. Udokotela we-X-ray usavula izithombe, ahlole okutholakele, abuke amanothi emtholampilo, futhi asayine umbiko wokugcina.

Lokho okudingwa umsizi

Ukuze kube nomshayeli wendiza ophephile, umnyango uzodinga:

• Ithuluzi le-AI elicacile: isibonelo, "ukuphuma kwegazi okubukhali ngaphakathi kobuchopho ekhanda le-CT elingalingani"

• Amacala okuhlolwa endawo avela kuma-scanner esibhedlela uqobo

• Umthetho wokuthi amafulegi e-AI awalokothi adlule ukubuyekezwa kwe-radiologist

• Uhlelo lwesikhathi sokungasebenzi uma ithuluzi le-AI lehluleka noma linqamuka ku-PACS

• Ishidi lokuhlola elilula elilandelela okuhle okungamanga, okubi okungamanga, isikhathi sokuguqula, kanye nezaziso ezingabanjwanga

• Udokotela wemisebe oqanjwe ngegama noma umholi wokuphatha onesibopho sokubuyekeza masonto onke

Umsebenzi kufanele uhlale ulula ngamabomu: Ifulegi le-AI → uhlu lomsebenzi olubekwe phambili → ukuqinisekiswa kwe-radiologist → umbiko osayiniwe → ukuhlolwa.

Isibonelo semiyalelo

Sebenzisa lo myalelo eqenjini lokuhlola, hhayi imodeli ye-AI uqobo:

"Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlola ikhanda le-CT kuzo zonke izifundo zekhanda le-CT eziphuthumayo zabantu abadala ezingaqhathanisi phakathi kuka-22:00 no-07:00. Uma uhlelo lubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukopha okukhulu, hambisa icala emgqeni wokubuyekezwa okuphuthumayo. Udokotela we-X-ray kumele aqinisekise izithombe ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe noma yisiphi isinyathelo somtholampilo. Qopha ukuthi ifulegi le-AI beliyiqiniso yini, liyiphutha, noma liphuthelwe ekubuyekezweni kokugcina. Khulisa noma yikuphi ukusolwa ukuthi kuphuthelwe ukopha noma iphethini yokuxwayisa ngamanga ephindaphindwayo iye ekuqondisweni kokuphathwa kwezithombe."

Indlela yokuyihlola

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukusebenza, hlola umsebenzi ngeqoqo lamacala abuyekeziwe.

Sebenzisa isethi encane kodwa engokoqobo, njenge:

• Amakhanda e-CT ajwayelekile angu-50

• Amacala angu-20 okopha kakhulu aqinisekisiwe

• Ukuskena okungu-10 okuwohlokile kokunyakaza noma okunzima ngokobuchwepheshe

• Amacala ayi-10 angavamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ngokwesimo somzimba

• Amacala ayi-10 lapho umlando wezokwelapha ungacacile noma udukisayo

Kuyo yonke indaba, bhala phansi:

• Ingabe i-AI iyiphawulile?

• Ingabe isazi se-radiology sivumile?

• Ingabe ifulegi ngabe lishintshe izinto eziza kuqala ohlwini lomsebenzi?

• Ingabe kwadala ukuphuthuma okunengqondo noma umsindo nje?

• Ingabe ikhona inkinga lapho i-AI ibukeka iqiniseka kodwa inephutha?

Isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu akukhona ukuthi “ingabe i-demo ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele?” Yilokhu: ingabe lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuphepha komugqa ngaphandle kokuminza isazi se-radiology ezixwayisweni ezingafuneki?

Umphumela

Umphumela obonisa kuphela: ku-pilot yokubuka emuva enamacala ayi-100, umnyango uqhathanisa i-oda elijwayelekile lomugqa wobusuku bonke ne-triage esizwa yi-AI.

Isisekelo sokulinganisa: isikhathi sokuguqula silinganiswa kusukela ekuqedeni ukuskena kuya ekubuyekezweni kokuqala kwe-radiologist. Ukunemba kuhlolwa ngokuqhathaniswa nombiko wokugcina osayiniwe kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesibili kwe-radiologist yamacala aphikiswanayo.

Isibonelo sokulinganisa:

• Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokubuyekezwa kwamacala okopha aqinisekisiwe sisuka kumaminithi angu-38 kuya kumaminithi angu-14

• Izexwayiso ze-AI ezingamanga zenzeka ezimweni ezingu-9 kwezingu-100

• Icala elilodwa elinzima ngokobuchwepheshe limakwe ngendlela engafanele ngenxa yezinto ezinyakazayo

• Akukho okukhiphayo kwe-AI okuthunyelwa ngqo kodokotela ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa yi-radiologist

• Isikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwamasonto onke kweshidi lokuhlola sithatha imizuzu engama-25

Lokho kuwumphumela owusizo, kodwa akuyona "i-AI ethathe indawo yesazi semisebe." Kusho ukuthi izifundo ezinobungozi obukhulu zafika kuchwepheshe wabantu ngokushesha.

Yini engase ihambe kabi

Ukwehluleka okusobala kuyimiphumela engamanga. Uma ithuluzi liphawula amacala amaningi angenangozi, umugqa ophuthumayo uba yize futhi iqembu liqala ukungawunaki.

Ukwehluleka okuyingozi kakhulu ukuphutha buthule. Ukopha okungaphawulwanga kumele kutholakale ngokubuyekezwa okuvamile kwe-radiologist, yingakho i-AI kufanele isekele umugqa kunokuba ibe umugqa.

Ezinye izingozi zifaka phakathi izinguquko zephrothokholi yesikena, ikhwalithi yesithombe engeyinhle, amacala ezingane noma angemva kokuhlinzwa angaphandle kobubanzi obuhlosiwe bethuluzi, kanye nokungathembani ngokweqile kwabasebenzi abancane. Umnyango udinga futhi ukuqaphela ukuguquguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwesikena noma izinguquko zokwakha kabusha. [5]

Futhi iphuzu lokuziphendulela lihlala lifana: isazi se-radiation sisayina umbiko, hhayi i-algorithm. [2]

Ukudla okuwusizo

Ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-AI ye-radiology kuqala kancane, kulinganise izinto ezilula, futhi kugcine abantu bephethe. Ukunqoba akukhona ukuthatha indawo ye-radiologist; kuwukuthola ukuskena okufanele phambi kwe-radiologist ngokushesha, ngedatha eyanele yokuhlolwa ukufakazela ukuthi ukuhamba komsebenzi kuphephile ngempela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe i-AI izothatha indawo yodokotela be-radiology eminyakeni embalwa ezayo?

Hhayi ngokugcwele, futhi hhayi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zezempilo. I-AI ye-radiology yanamuhla yakhelwe kakhulu ukuze yenze imisebenzi emincane efana nokuhlola, ukuthola amaphethini, kanye nokulinganisa, kunokuba ithwale umthwalo wemfanelo wokuxilonga kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Odokotela be-radiology basahlinzeka ngomongo wezokwelapha, basingatha amacala abucayi, baxhumana namaqembu adluliselayo, futhi bagcina umthwalo wemfanelo wezokwelapha-wezomthetho ngemibiko. Ushintsho olusheshayo kakhulu ukwakhiwa kabusha komsebenzi, hhayi ukushintshwa kochwepheshe bonke.

Yimiphi imisebenzi ye-radiology eyenziwa yi-AI njengamanje?

Amathuluzi amaningi asetshenziswayo agxila emsebenzini ogxile futhi ophindaphindwayo: ukumaka izifundo eziphuthumayo zokubeka phambili, ukuthola amaphethini avamile (njengamaqhubu noma ukuphuma kwegazi), kanye nokukhiqiza izilinganiso noma ukuqhathanisa okude. I-AI isetshenziswa futhi "njengomfundi wesibili" kwezinye izindlela zokuhlola ukusekela ukuphathwa kwevolumu kanye nokuvumelana. Lezi zinhlelo zingafinyeza imigqa futhi zinciphise umsebenzi onzima owenziwa ngesandla, kodwa zisadinga ukuqinisekiswa ngabantu.

Ubani onesibopho uma umbiko osekelwa yi-AI ungalungile?

Emisebenzini eminingi yangempela, isazi se-radiologist sihlala singumsayini ophendulayo ngisho noma i-AI ifaka isandla ekuhlolweni noma ekutholakaleni kwe-triage. Umthwalo wemfanelo wezokwelapha awudluliseli ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-algorithm noma kumthengisi. Empeleni, izazi ze-radiologist zidinga ukuphatha umphumela we-AI njengokusekelwa kwezinqumo, ziqinisekise imiphumela, futhi zibhale phansi ngendlela efanele. Izindlela ezicacile zokukhulisa kanye nokuphatha kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kufanele kuqhutshekwe kanjani lapho umphumela we-AI ungqubuzana nokwahlulela kwezokwelapha.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ithuluzi le-AI lithembekile esibhedlela sami?

Indlela evamile ukwahlulela amathuluzi ngokweqiniso lezokwelapha kunokusebenza kwedemo. Funa ububanzi obuchazwe ngokucacile, ukuqinisekiswa kuzo zonke izingosi eziningi, amaskena, kanye nenani leziguli, kanye nobufakazi uhlelo olubuphethe ngaphansi kwezinqubo zakho kanye nemikhawulo yekhwalithi yesithombe. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhamba komsebenzi (PACS/RIS fit) kubaluleke kakhulu njengokunemba, njengoba imodeli "enhle" ephazamisa ukufunda ivame ukungasebenzi. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kusabalulekile.

Ingabe "i-FDA-cleared" (noma elawulwayo) isho ukuthi imodeli iphephile ukuthembela kuyo?

Ukucaciswa komthetho kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukusebenza okuqinile endaweni yakho ethile. Imiphumela yangempela ingashintsha ngokuthuthukiswa kwesikena, ukulungiswa kwephrothokholi, kanye nokwehluka kwabantu. Ukuhlolwa kwendawo kanye nokuqapha umkhiqizo kusabalulekile, ngisho nangamathuluzi agunyaziwe. Phatha ukucaciswa njengesisekelo, bese uqinisekisa ukulungiselelwa kwakho bese uqhubeka nokulinganisa ukuzulazula.

Yiziphi izindlela ezinkulu i-radiology AI ehluleka ngazo ekusebenzeni?

Izindlela ezivamile zokwehluleka zifaka phakathi amacala okusabalala ngaphandle kokusabalalisa (isifo esingavamile, ukwakheka komzimba okungavamile), ubumpumputhe bomongo, ukuzwela ezintweni zobuciko (ukunyakaza, insimbi, isikhathi sokuqhathanisa), kanye nemiphumela engamanga enezela umsebenzi. Izinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu "ukwehluleka buthule," lapho imodeli iphuthelwa khona okutholakele ngaphandle kwesixwayiso esisobala. Ukusebenza kungaphinde kudlule njengoba izimo zokuthola zishintsha, ngakho ukuqapha kanye nokuqapha kuhlala ngaphakathi kokuphepha kwesiguli, hhayi "njengokumnandi ukuba nakho."

Iminyango ingakunciphisa kanjani ukukhathala kokuxwayisa futhi igweme ukuhlaselwa kwe-AI okunomsindo?

Qala ngokulungisa imikhawulo ukuze ifane nezinto eziza kuqala empilweni yakho kanye neqiniso labasebenzi, kunokuba ufune ukuzwela okuphezulu ephepheni. Linganisa umthwalo wangempela ongelona iqiniso, bese uklama imithetho yokwenyusa ukuze amafulegi e-AI aqalise izenzo eziqhubekayo nezilawulekayo. Amapayipi amaningi azuza ekubuyekezweni okuhleliwe (i-AI → i-radiographer/ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe → i-radiologist) kanye nokuziphatha okucacile okuphepha lapho ithuluzi lingatholakali. "Umsindo ophansi" ngokuvamile yikona okwenza i-AI isebenze usuku nosuku.

Uma odokotela be-radiologist abathatha indawo ye-AI beqiswa ngokweqile, abaqeqeshwayo kufanele bavikele kanjani esikhathini esizayo?

Hlosa ukuba ngumuntu ongakwazi ukuqondisa ngokuphephile imisebenzi yokusebenza enikwe amandla yi-AI. Funda izindlela zokuhluleka eziyinhloko ezifana nokubandlulula, ukuzulazula, kanye nokuzwela kwezinto ezidaliwe, futhi wakhe induduzo ngezisekelo ze-informatics njenge-PACS, ukubika okuhlelekile, kanye nezinqubo ze-QA. Amakhono okuxhumana athola inani njengoba umsebenzi ojwayelekile uzenzekela, ikakhulukazi kumabhodi omdlavuza kanye nokubonisana okunezinselelo ezinkulu. Ukujoyina iqembu lokuhlola noma lokuphatha kuyindlela eqondile yokwakha ubuchwepheshe obuhlala isikhathi eside.

Izinkomba

1. USingh R. et al., npj Digital Medicine (2025) - Isibuyekezo se-taxonomy esihlanganisa ukugunyazwa kwedivayisi yezokwelapha i-AI/ML egunyazwe yi-FDA okungu-1,016 (njengoba kubhalwe kuze kube nguDisemba 20, 2024), okugqamisa ukuthi i-AI yezokwelapha ivame kangakanani ukuthembela kokufakwayo kwezithombe nokuthi i-radiology ivame kangakanani ukuba yiphaneli yokubuyekezwa ehamba phambili. Funda kabanzi

2. Isitatimende sezinhlangano eziningi esisingathwe yi-ESR - Uhlaka lokuziphatha kwemiphakathi yonke lwe-AI ku-radiology, olugcizelela ukuphathwa, ukuthunyelwa okunesibopho, kanye nokuzibophezela okuqhubekayo kodokotela ngaphakathi kwemisebenzi esekelwa yi-AI. Funda kabanzi

3. Ikhasi lamadivayisi ezokwelapha asebenzisa i-AI ye-FDA yase-US - Uhlu lokucaca lwe-FDA kanye namanothi endlela yokusebenza yamadivayisi ezokwelapha asebenzisa i-AI, kufaka phakathi izixwayiso mayelana nobubanzi kanye nendlela ukufakwa okunqunywa ngayo. Funda kabanzi

4. UMcKinney SM nabanye, i-Nature (2020) - Ukuhlolwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kohlelo lwe-AI lokuhlola umdlavuza webele, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa kwabafundi kanye nokulingisa umthelela womsebenzi ekusethweni kokufunda kabili. funda kabanzi

5. URoschewitz M. et al., Nature Communications (2023) - Ucwaningo mayelana nokuguquguquka kokusebenza ngaphansi kokushintsha kokutholwa ekuhlukanisweni kwezithombe zezokwelapha, okubonisa ukuthi kungani ukuqapha nokulungiswa kokuguquguquka kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-AI yokuthwebula izithombe. funda kabanzi

Thola i-AI Yakamuva Esitolo Esisemthethweni Somsizi we-AI

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