Ochwepheshe nabafundi bahlanganyela ezingxoxweni zomsebenzi wangaphandle ngemisebenzi engangenisi i-AI.

Imisebenzi Engenakushintshwa yi-AI futhi Yimiphi Imisebenzi I-AI Ezoshintshwa Yiyo? Umbono Womhlaba Wonke Ngomthelela we-AI Emsebenzini

Ukubeka Ukukhula kwe-AI Emsebenzini

Ngo-2023, izinkampani ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine (77%) emhlabeni wonke zase zisebenzisa noma zihlola izixazululo ze-AI ( AI Job Loss: Shocking Statistics Revealed ). Lokhu kwanda kokwamukelwa kunemiphumela yangempela: Amabhizinisi angu-37% asebenzisa i-AI abike ukwehla kwabasebenzi ngo-2023, kanti angu-44% alindele ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi okwengeziwe okuqhutshwa yi-AI ngo-2024 ( AI Job Loss: Shocking Statistics Revealed ). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abahlaziyi bacabanga ukuthi i-AI ingafaka amakhulu ezigidi zemisebenzi engozini - Izazi zezomnotho zeGoldman Sachs zilinganisela ukuthi imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-300 emhlabeni wonke ingathinteka yi-AI automation ( Izibalo ezingaphezu kuka-60 Ngemisebenzi Eshintshayo ye-AI (2024) ). Akumangazi ukuthi umbuzo othi “yimiphi imisebenzi ezothatha indawo ye-AI?” kanye nokuthi “Imisebenzi i-AI engeke ithathe indawo” isibe yingqikithi yezingxoxo mayelana nekusasa lomsebenzi.

Kodwa-ke, umlando unikeza umbono othile. Ukuguquka kobuchwepheshe kwangaphambilini (kusukela ekusebenziseni imishini kuya kumakhompyutha) kwaphazamisa izimakethe zezisebenzi kodwa kwadala namathuba amasha. Njengoba amakhono e-AI ekhula, kunengxoxo ejulile ngokuthi ngabe leli gagasi lokuzenzakalela lizolandela iphethini efanayo. Leli phepha elimhlophe libheka isimo sendawo: indlela i-AI esebenza ngayo kumongo wemisebenzi, yimiphi imikhakha ebhekene nokufuduka okukhulu, yimiphi imisebenzi ehlala iphephile (nokuthi kungani), kanye nalokho ochwepheshe abakubona kusengaphambili ngabasebenzi bomhlaba wonke. Idatha yakamuva, izibonelo zemboni, kanye nezingcaphuno zochwepheshe kufakiwe ukunikeza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele nokusesikhathini.

Indlela i-AI esebenza ngayo ngokomongo wemisebenzi

I-AI namuhla iphumelela kakhulu emisebenzini ethile - ikakhulukazi leyo ehilela ukuqashelwa kwamaphethini, ukucubungula idatha, kanye nokwenza izinqumo njalo. Esikhundleni sokucabanga nge-AI njengesisebenzi esifana nomuntu, iqondwa kangcono njengeqoqo lamathuluzi aqeqeshwe ukwenza imisebenzi emincane. Lawa mathuluzi asukela kuma-algorithms okufunda komshini ahlaziya idatha enkulu, kuya ezinhlelweni zokubona zekhompyutha ezihlola imikhiqizo, kuya kubacubunguli bolimi lwemvelo njengama-chatbot aphatha imibuzo eyisisekelo yamakhasimende. Ngokwesimo esingokoqobo, i-AI ingenza izingxenye zomsebenzi ngokuzenzakalela : ingase ihlunge ngokushesha izinkulungwane zamadokhumenti ukuze ithole ulwazi olufanele, ishayele imoto ngendlela enqunyiwe, noma iphendule imibuzo elula yenkonzo yamakhasimende. Lobu buchule obugxile emsebenzini busho ukuthi i-AI ivame ukugcwalisa izisebenzi ezingabantu ngokuthatha imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, imisebenzi eminingi inemisebenzi eminingi, futhi eminye yayo kuphela engafaneleka ukuzenzekela kwe-AI. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-McKinsey kuthole ukuthi imisebenzi engaphansi kuka-5% ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuphelele ngobuchwepheshe bamanje ( i-AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Ngamanye amazwi, ukufaka esikhundleni somuntu ngokugcwele ezindimeni eziningi kusalokhu kunzima. Lokho i-AI engakwenza ukuphatha izingxenye zomsebenzi: empeleni, cishe imisebenzi engama-60% inengxenye enkulu yemisebenzi engenziwa ngokuzenzakalela yi-AI namarobhothi esofthiwe ( i-AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani sibona i-AI isetshenziswa njengethuluzi elisekelayo - isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-AI lungaphatha ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwabantu abafuna umsebenzi, luveze ama-resumé aphezulu ukuze umuntu oqasha abantu abukeze. Amandla e-AI asejubaneni layo kanye nokungaguquguquki kwemisebenzi echazwe kahle, kuyilapho abantu begcina ithuba lokuguquguquka kwemisebenzi, ukwahlulela okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bagcizelela lo mehluko. “Asazi ukuthi umthelela ophelele uzoba yini okwamanje, kodwa akukho buchwepheshe emlandweni obuke banciphisa ukuqashwa ku-inthanethi,” kuphawula uMary C. Daly, uMongameli we-San Francisco Fed, egcizelela ukuthi i-AI cishe izoshintsha indlela esisebenza ngayo kunokuba yenze abantu baphelelwe yisikhathi ngokushesha ( Isikhulu se-SF Fed Reserve uMary Daly eNgqungqutheleni Yezobuchwepheshe ye-Fortune Brainstorm: I-AI ithatha indawo yemisebenzi, hhayi abantu - i-San Francisco Fed ). Esikhathini esiseduze, i-AI “ithatha indawo yemisebenzi, hhayi abantu,” yandisa izindima zabantu ngokuthatha imisebenzi evamile futhi ivumele abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile emithwalweni eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuqonda lokhu kuguquguquka kubalulekile ekuboneni ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi i-AI ezothatha indawo kanye nemisebenzi i-AI engenakuyithatha indawo - ngokuvamile yimisebenzi ngaphakathi kwemisebenzi (ikakhulukazi imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, esekelwe emithethweni) esengozini kakhulu yokuzenzakalelayo.

Imisebenzi Engase Ithathelwe Indawo Yi-AI (Ngomkhakha)

Nakuba i-AI ingase ingathathi imisebenzi eminingi ngobusuku obubodwa, eminye imikhakha kanye nezigaba zemisebenzi zisengozini enkulu yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kuneminye. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yizinkambu ezinezinqubo eziningi ezijwayelekile, inani elikhulu ledatha, noma ukunyakaza okubonakalayo okubikezelwayo - izindawo lapho ubuchwepheshe be-AI bamanje kanye ne-robotics buhamba phambili khona. Ngezansi, sihlola izimboni kanye nezindima okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zithathelwe indawo yi-AI , kanye nezibonelo zangempela kanye nezibalo ezibonisa lezi zindlela:

Ukukhiqiza Nokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqiza kwakungenye yezizinda zokuqala ukuzwa umthelela wokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, ngamarobhothi ezimboni kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile. Imisebenzi yomugqa wokuhlanganisa ophindaphindayo kanye nemisebenzi elula yokukhiqiza yenziwa kakhulu ngamarobhothi anombono nokulawula okuqhutshwa yi-AI. Isibonelo, iFoxconn , umkhiqizi omkhulu we-elekthronikhi, wathumela amarobhothi ukuze athathe indawo yabasebenzi basefektri abangu-60,000 endaweni eyodwa ngokwenza imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa ephindaphindayo ( abathathu kwabayi-10 abakhulu emhlabeni bathatha indawo yabasebenzi ngamarobhothi | I-World Economic Forum ). Ezitshalweni zezimoto emhlabeni jikelele, izingalo zamarobhothi ziyashisela futhi zipende ngokunemba, kunciphisa isidingo somsebenzi wezandla. Umphumela uba ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi yokukhiqiza yendabuko - abaqhubi bemishini, abahlanganisi, abapakishi - ithathelwa indawo yimishini eqondiswa yi-AI. Ngokusho kwe-World Economic Forum, izindima zabasebenzi bokuhlanganisa kanye nabasefektri ziphakathi kwalezo ezinciphayo , futhi izigidi zemisebenzi enjalo sezivele zichithwe eminyakeni yamuva njengoba ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kushesha ( Izibalo Nemininingwane Yomsebenzi Yokufaka I-AI [2024*] ). Lo mkhuba ungowomhlaba wonke: amazwe athuthukile njengeJapan, iJalimane, iChina, kanye ne-US wonke asebenzisa i-AI yokukhiqiza ukuze athuthukise umkhiqizo, ngokuvamile ngezindleko zabasebenzi bomugqa wabantu. Okuhle ukuthi ukuzenzakalela kungenza amafektri asebenze kahle kakhulu futhi kudale nemisebenzi emisha yobuchwepheshe (njengochwepheshe bokulungisa amarobhothi), kodwa izindima zokukhiqiza eziqondile ngokusobala zisengozini yokunyamalala.

Ukuthengisa kanye ne-E-Commerce

Emkhakheni wezitolo, i-AI ishintsha indlela izitolo ezisebenza ngayo kanye nendlela amakhasimende athenga ngayo. Mhlawumbe ushintsho olubonakala kakhulu ukwanda kwama-kiosk okuzikhokhela wona kanye nezitolo ezizenzakalelayo. Imisebenzi yabakhokhi bentela, eyake yaba ngeyodwa yezikhundla ezivame kakhulu ekuthengiseni, iyancishiswa njengoba abathengisi betshala imali ezinhlelweni zokukhokha ezisebenzisa i-AI. Izitolo ezinkulu zokudla kanye nezitolo ezinkulu manje zinezindawo zokukhokha ezizisebenzela zona, futhi izinkampani ezifana ne-Amazon zethule izitolo "zokuphuma nje" (i-Amazon Go) lapho i-AI kanye nezinzwa zilandelela khona ukuthenga ngaphandle komnikazi wentela odingekayo. I-US Bureau of Labor Statistics isivele ibone ukwehla kwemisebenzi yabakhokhi bentela - kusukela kubakhokhi bentela abayizigidi ezingu-1.4 ngo-2019 kuya cishe ku-1.2 million ngo-2023 - futhi ibikezela ukuthi inani lizokwehla ngo-10% eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo ( i-Self-checkout izohlala ikhona. Kodwa idlula ekubalweni | Izindaba ze-AP ). Ukuphathwa kwempahla kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla ezindaweni zokuthengisa nakho kuyazenzakalela: amarobhothi azulazula ezindaweni zokugcina impahla elanda izinto (isibonelo, i-Amazon isebenzisa amarobhothi eselula angaphezu kuka-200,000 ezindaweni zayo zokugcwalisa, esebenza kanye nabakhethi babantu). Ngisho nemisebenzi yaphansi efana nokuskena amashalofu kanye nokuhlanza kwenziwa ngamarobhothi aqhutshwa yi-AI kwezinye izitolo ezinkulu. Umphumela oyinhloko ukuthi imisebenzi embalwa yokuthengisa ezingeni lokuqala njengababhali bezimpahla, abaqoqi bezindawo zokugcina impahla, kanye nabashicileli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AI yokuthengisa idala isidingo sezisebenzi ezinamakhono ezingaphatha ama-algorithms e-commerce noma zihlaziye idatha yamakhasimende. Noma kunjalo, uma kukhulunywa ngemisebenzi i-AI ezoyithatha indawo yokuthengisa , izindima zamakhono aphansi ezinemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo yizona eziyinhloko ezihloselwe ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ezezimali kanye Nebhange

Ezezimali zazisenesikhathi sokwamukela ukuzenzekela kwesofthiwe, futhi i-AI yanamuhla iyasheshisa lo mkhuba. Imisebenzi eminingi ehilela ukucubungula izinombolo, ukubuyekeza amadokhumenti, noma ukwenza izinqumo ezijwayelekile iphathwa yi-algorithms. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo sivela ku- JPMorgan Chase , lapho uhlelo oluqhutshwa yi-AI olubizwa nge-COIN lwethulwa khona ukuze kuhlaziywe amadokhumenti asemthethweni kanye nezivumelwano zemali mboleko. I-COIN ingabuyekeza izinkontileka ngemizuzwana - umsebenzi owawudla amahora angu-360,000 esikhathi sabameli kanye nezikhulu zemali mboleko minyaka yonke ( isofthiwe ye-JPMorgan yenza ngemizuzwana lokho okwathatha abameli amahora angu-360,000 | I-Independent | I-Independent ). Ngokwenza kanjalo, yathatha indawo enkulu yezindima zomthetho/zokuphatha ezincane emisebenzini yebhange. Kuyo yonke imboni yezezimali, izinhlelo zokuhweba ze-algorithmic zithathe indawo yabathengisi abaningi babantu ngokwenza ukuhweba ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile kube nenzuzo enkulu. Amabhange nezinkampani zomshuwalense zisebenzisa i-AI ukuthola ukukhwabanisa, ukuhlolwa kwengozi, kanye nama-chatbot esevisi yamakhasimende, kunciphisa isidingo sabahlaziyi abaningi kanye nabasebenzi bokusekela amakhasimende. Ngisho nasekubalweni nasekuhlolweni kwezimali, amathuluzi e-AI angahlukanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthengiselana futhi abone ukungalingani, okusongela imisebenzi yendabuko yokugcina amabhuku. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi omabhalane bezimali kanye nababhali bezincwadi baphakathi kwezindima eziphezulu ezisengozini , kanti lezi zikhundla kulindeleke ukuthi zinciphe kakhulu njengoba isofthiwe yezimali ye-AI iba namandla kakhulu ( Izibalo ezingaphezu kuka-60 Ngemisebenzi Yokufaka Izimali Esikhundleni Se-AI (2024) ). Ngamafuphi, umkhakha wezezimali ubona i-AI ithatha indawo yemisebenzi egxile ekucutshungulweni kwedatha, amaphepha, kanye nokwenza izinqumo njalo - kusukela kubabalisi basebhange (ngenxa yama-ATM kanye namabhange aku-inthanethi) kuya kubahlaziyi behhovisi eliphakathi - ngenkathi kwandiswa izindima zezinqumo zezimali ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe

Kungase kuzwakale kuyihlaya, kodwa umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe - wona kanye umkhakha owakha i-AI - nawo uzenzakalela izingxenye zabasebenzi bawo. Intuthuko yakamuva ku -AI yokukhiqiza ikhombisile ukuthi ukubhala ikhodi akuseyona ikhono lomuntu kuphela. Abasizi bokubhala amakhodi be-AI (njenge-GitHub Copilot kanye ne-OpenAI's Codex) bangakhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu zekhodi yesofthiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminye imisebenzi yokuhlela ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ukubhala ikhodi ye-boilerplate noma ukulungisa amaphutha alula, ingathunyelwa ku-AI. Ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe, lokhu kungagcina kunciphise isidingo samaqembu amakhulu abathuthukisi abancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-AI yenza lula imisebenzi ye-IT kanye nokuphatha ngaphakathi kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo esivelele: ngo-2023 i-IBM yamemezela ukumiswa kokuqashwa kwezindima ezithile zasehhovisi futhi yathi cishe u-30% wemisebenzi engabheke amakhasimende (cishe izikhundla ezingu-7,800) ingathathelwa indawo yi-AI eminyakeni emi-5 ezayo ( i-IBM izomisa ukuqashwa ohlelweni lokufaka esikhundleni semisebenzi engu-7,800 nge-AI, kubika iBloomberg | Reuters ). Lezi zindima zifaka phakathi izikhundla zokuphatha nezabasebenzi ezihilela ukuhlela, amaphepha, kanye nezinye izinqubo ezijwayelekile. Icala le-IBM libonisa ukuthi ngisho nemisebenzi yabasebenzi abavamile emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe iyakwazi ukwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela uma ihlanganisa imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo - i-AI ingaphatha ukuhlela, ukugcina amarekhodi, kanye nemibuzo eyisisekelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wobunjiniyela besofthiwe okudala futhi oyinkimbinkimbi uhlala usezandleni zabantu (i-AI isantula ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga elijwayelekile lonjiniyela onolwazi). Kodwa kochwepheshe , izingxenye ezivamile zomsebenzi zithathwa yi-AI - futhi izinkampani zingase zidinge abahleli bekhodi abambalwa abaqalayo, abahloli be-QA, noma abasebenzi bokusekela be-IT njengoba amathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo ethuthuka. Empeleni, umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe usebenzisa i-AI ukufaka esikhundleni semisebenzi ejwayelekile noma egxile ekusekeleni ngenkathi uqondisa ithalente labantu emisebenzini emisha kakhulu nesezingeni eliphezulu.

Isevisi Yamakhasimende Nokusekela

Ama-chatbot asebenzisa i-AI kanye nabasizi abangokoqobo bangene kakhulu emkhakheni wenkonzo yamakhasimende. Ukuphatha imibuzo yamakhasimende - kungaba ngocingo, i-imeyili, noma ingxoxo - kuwumsebenzi odinga abasebenzi abaningi izinkampani ebezilokhu zifuna ukuwuthuthukisa. Manje, ngenxa yamamodeli olimi athuthukile, izinhlelo ze-AI zingahlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezinjengomuntu ngendlela emangalisayo. Izinkampani eziningi zisebenzise ama-chatbot e-AI njengomugqa wokuqala wokusekela, zibhekana nemibuzo evamile (ukusetha kabusha ama-akhawunti, ukulandelela ama-oda, imibuzo evame ukubuzwa) ngaphandle kwe-ejenti yomuntu. Lokhu sekuqalile ukuthatha indawo yemisebenzi yesikhungo socingo kanye nezindima zedeski losizo. Isibonelo, izinkampani zezokuxhumana kanye nezinsizakalo zibika ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yemibuzo yamakhasimende ixazululwa ngokuphelele yi-ejenti ebonakalayo. Abaholi bezimboni babikezela ukuthi lo mkhuba uzokhula kuphela: I-CEO ye-Zendesk, uTom Eggemeier, ulindele ukuthi u-100% wokuxhumana kwamakhasimende kuzohilela i-AI ngandlela thile, nokuthi u-80% wemibuzo ngeke udinge i-ejenti yomuntu ukuze ixazululwe maduze nje ( izibalo zesevisi yamakhasimende ze-AI ezingama-59 zango-2025 ). Isimo esinjalo sisho isidingo esinciphile kakhulu sabameleli besevisi yamakhasimende abantu. Kakade, izinhlolovo zibonisa ukuthi amaqembu angaphezu kwengxenye yesine yenkonzo yamakhasimende afake i-AI emisebenzini yawo yansuku zonke, kanti amabhizinisi asebenzisa "ama-virtual agents" e-AI anciphise izindleko zenkonzo yamakhasimende ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-30 ​​( Insizakalo Yamakhasimende: Indlela i-AI Eguqula Ngayo Ukusebenzisana - Forbes ). Izinhlobo zemisebenzi yokusekela okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI yilezo ezihilela izimpendulo ezibhalwe phansi kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga njalo - isibonelo, umqhubi wesikhungo sokushaya ucingo sezinga lokuqala olandela iskripthi esichaziwe sezinkinga ezivamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo zamakhasimende eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezingokomzwelo zivame ukukhuphukela kuma-ejenti abantu. Sekukonke, i-AI ishintsha ngokushesha izindima zenkonzo yamakhasimende , yenza imisebenzi elula ngokuzenzakalela futhi ngaleyo ndlela inciphise inani labasebenzi bokusekela abasezingeni lokuqala abadingekayo.

Ezokuthutha kanye Nezokuthutha

Zimbalwa izimboni ezithole ukunakwa okukhulu mayelana nokushintsha imisebenzi okuqhutshwa yi-AI njengokuthutha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezizishayelayo - amaloli, amatekisi, kanye nama-bot okulethwa - kusongela ngqo imisebenzi ehilela ukushayela. Embonini yamaloli, isibonelo, izinkampani eziningi zihlola amaloli amancane azimele emigwaqweni emikhulu. Uma le mizamo iphumelela, abashayeli bamaloli amade bangashintshwa kakhulu ngama-rig azishayelayo angasebenza cishe amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Ezinye izilinganiso zicacile: ukuzenzakalela kungagcina kuthathe indawo efika ku-90% yemisebenzi yamaloli amade uma ubuchwepheshe bokuzishayela busebenza ngokugcwele futhi buthembeke ( Amaloli azimele angase athathe umsebenzi ongathandeki kakhulu ekuthuthweni isikhathi eside ). Ukushayela amaloli kungenye yemisebenzi evame kakhulu emazweni amaningi (isb. kungumqashi ophambili wamadoda aseMelika angenazo iziqu zasekolishi), ngakho-ke umthelela lapha ungaba mkhulu. Sesivele sibona izinyathelo ezengeziwe - amabhasi okuthutha azimele kwamanye amadolobha, izimoto zokugcina impahla kanye nabaphathi bezimpahla zasechwebeni abaqondiswa yi-AI, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola zamatekisi angenabashayeli emadolobheni afana neSan Francisco nePhoenix. Izinkampani ezifana neWaymo neCruise zinikeze izinkulungwane zokugibela amatekisi ngaphandle komshayeli , zikhomba ikusasa lapho abashayeli bamatekisi kanye nabashayeli be-Uber/Lyft bengase bangabi nesidingo esikhulu. Ekulethweni nasekuthuthweni kwempahla, ama-drones namarobhothi aseceleni komgwaqo ayahlolwa ukuze abhekane nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide, okunganciphisa isidingo sezithunywa. Ngisho nezindiza zezentengiselwano zizama ngokuzenzakalelayo okwandisiwe (yize izindiza zabagibeli ezizimele cishe zikude kakhulu, uma kwenzeka, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha). Okwamanje, abashayeli nabaqhubi bezimoto baphakathi kwemisebenzi okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI . Ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezilawulwayo: izindawo zokugcina impahla zisebenzisa ama-forklift azishayelayo, kanti amachweba asebenzisa ama-crane azenzakalelayo. Njengoba leyo mpumelelo ikhula iye emigwaqweni yomphakathi, izindima ezifana nomshayeli weloli, umshayeli wetekisi, umshayeli wokulethwa, kanye nomqhubi we-forklift zibhekene nokwehla. Isikhathi asiqinisekile - imithethonqubo kanye nezinselele zobuchwepheshe zisho ukuthi abashayeli abangabantu abanyamalali okwamanje - kodwa indlela icacile.

Ukunakekela impilo

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyimboni lapho umthelela we-AI emisebenzini uyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AI izenzela imisebenzi ethile yokuhlaziya kanye nokuxilonga eyake yenziwa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinhlelo ze-AI manje zingahlaziya izithombe zezokwelapha (ama-X-ray, ama-MRI, ama-CT scan) ngokunemba okumangalisayo. Esifundweni saseSweden, isazi se-radiologist esizwa yi-AI sithole umdlavuza webele ongama-20% ngaphezulu kusuka kuma-mammography scans kunabachwepheshe be-radiologist ababili babantu abasebenza ndawonye ( Ingabe i-AI izothatha indawo yodokotela abafunda ama-X-ray, noma imane iwenze abe ngcono kunanini ngaphambili? | Izindaba ze-AP ). Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi udokotela oyedwa ohlome nge-AI angenza umsebenzi wodokotela abaningi, okungenzeka anciphise isidingo sabachwepheshe be-radiologist noma be-pathologists abaningi. Abahlaziyi belebhu abazenzakalelayo bangenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi baveze ukukhubazeka ngaphandle kochwepheshe belebhu yabantu esinyathelweni ngasinye. Ama-chatbot e-AI nawo aphatha ukuhlolwa kweziguli kanye nemibuzo eyisisekelo - ezinye izibhedlela zisebenzisa ama-bots okuhlola izimpawu ukuze zeluleke iziguli ukuthi zidinga yini ukuza, okunganciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi kubahlengikazi nasezikhungweni zezingcingo zezokwelapha. Imisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwempilo yokuphatha iyashintshwa ikakhulukazi: ukuhlela, ukubhala ikhodi yezokwelapha, kanye nokukhokhisa kuye kwabona amazinga aphezulu okuzenzakalelayo ngesofthiwe ye-AI. Kodwa-ke, izindima zokunakekelwa kweziguli ngqo azithinteki kakhulu maqondana nokufakwa esikhundleni. Irobhothi lingasiza ekuhlinzeni noma lisize ekuhambiseni iziguli, kodwa abahlengikazi, odokotela, kanye nabanakekeli benza imisebenzi eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi nezwela i-AI engakwazi ukuyiphinda ngokugcwele okwamanje. Ngisho noma i-AI ingaxilonga isifo, iziguli zivame ukufuna udokotela ongumuntu ukuba asichaze futhi asiphathe. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nakho kubhekene nezithiyo eziqinile zokuziphatha nezokulawula zokufaka esikhundleni sabantu ngokugcwele i-AI. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi imisebenzi ethile kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo (njengababhali bezokwelapha, ababhala imibhalo, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bokuxilonga) ikhuliswa noma ithathelwa indawo ngokwengxenye yi-AI , ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo babona i-AI njengethuluzi elithuthukisa umsebenzi wabo kunokuba ithathelwe indawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba i-AI iba ngcono kakhulu, ingabhekana nomthwalo osindayo ekuhlaziyeni nasekuhlolweni okuvamile - kodwa okwamanje, abantu bahlala besesikhungweni sokulethwa kokunakekelwa.

Ngamafuphi, imisebenzi engase ithathelwe indawo yi-AI yileyo ebonakala ngemisebenzi evamile, ephindaphindwayo kanye nezimo ezibikezelwayo: izisebenzi zasefektri, abasebenzi bamabhalane kanye nabaphathi, abashicileli bezitolo, ama-ejenti ayisisekelo enkonzo yamakhasimende, abashayeli, kanye nezindima ezithile zobungcweti ezingeni lokuqala. Ngempela, ukuqagela kwe-World Economic Forum esikhathini esizayo esiseduze (ngo-2027) kubeka omabhalane bokufaka idatha phezulu ohlwini lwezikhundla zemisebenzi ezinciphayo ( eyizigidi ezingu-7.5 okulindeleke ukuthi iqedwe), kulandelwe omabhalane bokuphatha kanye nomabhalane bezimali , zonke izindima zisengozini enkulu yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ( Izibalo ezingaphezu kuka-60 Ngemisebenzi Yokufaka Isikhundla Se-AI (2024) ). I-AI idlula ezimbonini ngesivinini esihlukile, kodwa isiqondiso sayo siyahambisana - ngokuzenzakalela imisebenzi elula kuzo zonke imikhakha. Isigaba esilandelayo sizohlola uhlangothi oluphambene: ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi engenakuthathelwa indawo yi-AI, kanye nezimfanelo zomuntu ezivikela lezo zindima.

Imisebenzi Engasoze Yashintshwa/Imisebenzi i-AI Engenakuyishintsha (nokuthi Kungani)

Akuwona wonke umsebenzi osengozini enkulu yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela. Eqinisweni, imisebenzi eminingi ayifuni ukushintshwa yi-AI ngoba idinga amakhono abantu ahlukile noma yenzeka ezindaweni ezingalindelekile lapho imishini ingakwazi ukuhamba khona. Njengoba i-AI ithuthuka, inemikhawulo ecacile ekuphindaphindeni ubuhlakani bomuntu, uzwela, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ucwaningo lwe-McKinsey luphawule ukuthi yize ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kuzothinta cishe yonke imisebenzi ngezinga elithile, kuyizingxenye zemisebenzi kunokuba yimisebenzi yonke i-AI engayisingatha - okusho ukuthi imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele izoba yinto ehlukile kunokuba kube umthetho ( Izibalo Zomsebenzi Zokufaka Izinguquko ze-AI kanye Namaqiniso [2024*] ). Lapha siqokomisa izinhlobo zemisebenzi okungenzeka ukuthi i-AI ingashintshwa esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, nokuthi kungani leyo misebenzi "ingenabungozi be-AI" kakhulu:

  • Imisebenzi Edinga Uzwela Lomuntu Nokuxhumana Komuntu Siqu: Imisebenzi egxile ekunakekeleni, ekufundiseni, noma ekuqondeni abantu ezingeni lomzwelo iphephile kakhulu kwi-AI. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abahlinzeki bezempilo njengabahlengikazi, abanakekeli asebekhulile, kanye nabelaphi, kanye nothisha, izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle, kanye nabeluleki . Izindima ezinjalo zidinga uzwela, ukwakha ubudlelwano, kanye nokufunda izinkomba zomphakathi - izindawo lapho imishini ilwa khona. Isibonelo, imfundo yasebuntwaneni ihilela ukukhulisa nokuphendula izinkomba zokuziphatha ezicashile okungekho i-AI engazilingisa ngempela. Ngokusho kwe-Pew Research, cishe ama-23% ezisebenzi aqashwe emisebenzini yokuchayeka okuncane kwe-AI (ngokuvamile ekunakekeleni, emfundweni, njll.), njengabanakekeli, lapho imisebenzi ebalulekile (njengokunakekela ingane) imelana nokuzenzakalelayo . Abantu ngokuvamile bakhetha ukuthintwa ngumuntu kulezi zinkundla: i-AI ingase ihlole ukucindezeleka, kodwa iziguli ngokuvamile zifuna ukukhuluma nomelaphi ongumuntu, hhayi i-chatbot, ngemizwa yazo.

  • Imisebenzi Yokudala Nobuciko: Umsebenzi ohilela ubuciko, ubuqambi, kanye nokunambitheka kwamasiko uvame ukungavumelani nokuzenzakalelayo okugcwele. Abalobi, abaculi, abaculi, abenzi bamafilimu, abaklami bemfashini - laba ochwepheshe bakhiqiza okuqukethwe okwaziswa hhayi nje ngokulandela ifomula, kodwa nokwethula imibono emisha neyobuciko. I-AI ingasiza ubuciko (isibonelo, ukukhiqiza ama-draft angacacile noma iziphakamiso zokuklama), kodwa ivame ukungabi nobuqambi bangempela kanye nokujula ngokomzwelo . Ngenkathi ubuciko nokubhala okukhiqizwe yi-AI kube yizihloko zezindaba, abadali babantu basenomphumela ekukhiqizeni incazelo ethinta abanye abantu. Kukhona futhi inani lemakethe kubuciko obenziwe ngabantu (cabanga ngentshisekelo eqhubekayo ezintweni ezenziwe ngezandla naphezu kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi). Ngisho nasekuzijabuliseni nakwezemidlalo, abantu bafuna ukusebenza kwabantu. Njengoba uBill Gates ehleka engxoxweni yakamuva nge-AI, “Ngeke sifune ukubuka amakhompyutha edlala i-baseball.” ( UBill Gates Uthi Abantu Ngeke Badingeke ‘Ngezinto Eziningi’ Esikhathini Se-AI | EGW.News ) - okushiwo ukuthi injabulo ivela kubadlali abangabantu, futhi ngokwengeziwe, imisebenzi eminingi yokudala nokusebenza izohlala iyimizamo yabantu.

  • Imisebenzi Ehilela Umsebenzi Womzimba Ongalindelekile Ezindaweni Ezishintshashintshayo: Imisebenzi ethile yokwenza ngezandla idinga ikhono lomzimba kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha ezindaweni ezahlukene - izinto okunzima kakhulu ukuthi amarobhothi azenze. Cabanga ngemisebenzi enekhono efana nogesi, amapayipi, ababazi, omakhenika , noma ochwepheshe bokulungisa izindiza . Le misebenzi ivame ukuhilela izindawo ezingajwayelekile (ukufakwa kwezintambo endlini ngayinye kuhlukile kancane, yonke inkinga yokulungisa ihlukile) futhi idinga ukuzivumelanisa nesikhathi sangempela. Amarobhothi amanje aqhutshwa yi-AI ahamba phambili ezindaweni ezihlelekile nezilawulwayo njengezimboni, kodwa alwa nezithiyo ezingalindelekile zendawo yokwakha noma ikhaya lekhasimende. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe kanye nabanye abasebenza emhlabeni wezinto ezibonakalayo onokuhlukahluka okuningi cishe ngeke bashintshwe maduze. Umbiko ngabaqashi abakhulu emhlabeni ugcizelele ukuthi ngenkathi abakhiqizi sebekulungele ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, imikhakha efana nezinsizakalo zasensimini noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo (isb., i-UK's National Health Service nebutho layo lodokotela nabahlengikazi abenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene) bahlala "beyindawo enobutha" yamarobhothi ( abathathu kwabayi-10 abaqashi abakhulu emhlabeni bashintsha abasebenzi ngamarobhothi | I-World Economic Forum ). Ngamafuphi, imisebenzi engcolile, ehlukahlukene, futhi engalindelekile ivame ukudinga umuntu onolwazi .

  • Ubuholi Obunobuqhinga kanye Nokwenza Izinqumo Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu: Izindima ezidinga ukwenza izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukucabanga okujulile, kanye nokuziphendulela - njengabaphathi bebhizinisi, abaphathi bamaphrojekthi, kanye nabaholi bezinhlangano - ziphephile kakhulu ekuthathelweni indawo kwe-AI eqondile. Lezi zikhundla zihilela ukuhlanganisa izici eziningi, ukusebenzisa ukwahlulela ngaphansi kokungaqiniseki, kanye nokukholisa kwabantu kanye nokuxoxisana. I-AI inganikeza idatha nezincomo, kodwa ukuphathisa i-AI ukuthi yenze izinqumo zokugcina zamasu noma ukuhola abantu kuyisinyathelo izinkampani eziningi (kanye nabasebenzi) ezingakakulungeli ukusithatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuholi buvame ukuncika ekwethembeni nasekuphefumulelweni - izimfanelo ezivela ekukhazimuleni komuntu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho, hhayi kuma-algorithms. Ngenkathi i-AI ingase inciphise izinombolo ze-CEO, umsebenzi we-CEO (ukubeka umbono, ukuphatha izinkinga, ukukhuthaza abasebenzi) uhlala ungumuntu ohlukile okwamanje. Okufanayo kuya ezikhulwini zikahulumeni eziphezulu, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, kanye nabaholi bezempi lapho ukuziphendulela kanye nokwahlulela kokuziphatha kubaluleke kakhulu.

Njengoba i-AI ithuthuka, imingcele yalokho engakwenza izoshintsha. Ezinye izindima ezibhekwa njengeziphephile namuhla zingase zigcine zibhekene nenselele ngezinto ezintsha ezintsha (isibonelo, izinhlelo ze-AI zingena kancane kancane emikhakheni yokudala ngokubhala umculo noma ukubhala izihloko zezindaba). Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi engenhla inezici zabantu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi okunzima ukuzibhala: ubuhlakani bemizwa, ikhono lokwenza ngesandla ezindaweni ezingahlelekile, ukucabanga okubanzi, kanye nobuciko bangempela. Lokhu kusebenza njengomsele wokuvikela ozungeze leyo misebenzi. Ngempela, ochwepheshe bavame ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, imisebenzi izothuthuka kunokuba inyamalale ngokuphelele - abasebenzi abangabantu kulezi zindima bazosebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI ukuze baphumelele nakakhulu. Isisho esivame ukucashunwa siveza lokhu: I-AI ngeke ikuthathe indawo, kodwa umuntu osebenzisa i-AI angase. Ngamanye amazwi, labo abasebenzisa i-AI cishe bazoncintisana nalabo abangasebenzisi, emikhakheni eminingi.

Ngamafuphi, imisebenzi okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-AI/imisebenzi i-AI engenakuyithatha indawo yileyo edinga okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo: ubuhlakani bezenhlalo nemizwa (ukunakekela, ukuxoxisana, ukuqeqesha), ukusungula izinto ezintsha (ubuciko, ucwaningo, ukuklama), ukuhamba kanye nekhono ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi (ubuciko obunekhono, impendulo ephuthumayo), kanye nokwahlulela okubanzi (isu, ubuholi). Ngenkathi i-AI izongena kabanzi kulezi zinkundla njengomsizi, izindima zabantu eziyinhloko, okwamanje, zilapha ukuze zihlale. Inselele yabasebenzi ukugxila kumakhono i-AI engenakukwazi ukuwalingisa kalula - uzwela, ubuhlakani, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala ehambisana kahle nemishini.

Imibono Yochwepheshe Ngekusasa Lomsebenzi

Akumangalisi ukuthi imibono iyahlukahluka, kanti eminye ibikezela izinguquko ezinkulu kanti eminye igcizelela ukuvela kancane kancane. Lapha siqoqa izingcaphuno ezimbalwa eziqondayo kanye nemibono evela kubaholi bemicabango, sinikeza uhlu lwezinto ezilindelwe:

  • UKai-Fu Lee (Isazi se-AI kanye noMtshalizimali): ULee ubona ukuthi imisebenzi izosebenza ngokuzenzakalela eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ezayo. “Kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili, ngicabanga ukuthi sizobe sesikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi engu-40 kuya ku-50% e-United States isebenze ngokuzenzakalela,” kusho yena ( Kai-Fu Lee Quotes (Umbhali we-AI Superpowers) (ikhasi 6 kwangu-9) ). ULee, onolwazi lwamashumi eminyaka ku-AI (kufaka phakathi imisebenzi yangaphambili kwa-Google kanye ne-Microsoft), ukholelwa ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi izothinteka - hhayi nje imisebenzi yasefektri noma yesevisi, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi eminingi yabasebenzi abavamile. Uxwayisa ngokuthi ngisho nakubasebenzi abangashintshwanga ngokuphelele, i-AI “izonciphisa inani labo” ngokuthatha izingxenye zomsebenzi wabo, okungenzeka kunciphise amandla okuxoxisana kwabasebenzi kanye namaholo. Lo mbono uqokomisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokufuduka okusabalele kanye nomthelela womphakathi we-AI, njengokwanda kokungalingani kanye nesidingo sezinhlelo ezintsha zokuqeqesha imisebenzi.

  • UMary C. Daly (uMongameli, iSan Francisco Fed): UDaly unikeza iphuzu eliphikisayo eligxile emlandweni wezomnotho. Uphawula ukuthi nakuba i-AI izophazamisa imisebenzi, izibonelo zomlando ziphakamisa umphumela wokulinganisela i-net ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. "Alukho ubuchwepheshe emlandweni wabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obuke banciphisa ukuqashwa ku-inthanethi," kuphawula uDaly, esikhumbuza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buvame ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zemisebenzi ngisho noma bususa abanye ( Inhloko Yesiqiwu Se-SF Fed uMary Daly eNgqungqutheleni Yezobuchwepheshe Ye-Fortune Brainstorm: I-AI ithatha indawo yemisebenzi, hhayi abantu - iSan Francisco Fed ). Ugcizelela ukuthi i-AI cishe izoguqula umsebenzi kunokuyiqeda ngokuphelele . UDaly ubona ikusasa lapho abantu besebenza khona kanye nemishini - i-AI iphatha imisebenzi ekhathazayo, abantu begxila emsebenzini onenani eliphakeme - futhi ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwemfundo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kabusha ukusiza abasebenzi ukuba bazivumelanise nezimo. Umbono wakhe unethemba ngokuqapha: i-AI izokhulisa umkhiqizo futhi idale ingcebo, okungakhuthaza ukukhula kwemisebenzi ezindaweni esingase singazicabangi.

  • UBill Gates (Umsunguli weMicrosoft): UGates ukhulume kabanzi nge-AI eminyakeni yamuva nje, eveza injabulo nokukhathazeka. Engxoxweni ka-2025, wenza isibikezelo esinesibindi esabamba izihloko zezindaba: ukwanda kwe-AI ethuthukisiwe kungasho ukuthi “abantu abadingeki ezintweni eziningi” esikhathini esizayo ( UBill Gates Uthi Abantu Ngeke Badingeke ‘Ngezinto Eziningi’ Esikhathini Se-AI | EGW.News ). UGates uphakamise ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zemisebenzi – okuhlanganisa neminye imisebenzi yamakhono aphezulu – ingaphathwa yi-AI njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula. Wanikeza izibonelo kwezempilo kanye nemfundo , ecabanga nge-AI engasebenza njengodokotela noma uthisha osezingeni eliphezulu. Udokotela “omkhulu” we-AI angenziwa atholakale kabanzi, okungenzeka kuncishiswe ukusweleka kochwepheshe babantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nezindima ezibhekwa njengeziphephile ngokwesiko (ngenxa yokudinga ulwazi olubanzi nokuqeqeshwa) zingaphindaphindwa yi-AI ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uGates uphinde wavuma imingcele yalokho abantu abazokwamukela ku-AI. Waphawula ngokuhlekisa ukuthi yize i-AI ingase idlale imidlalo kangcono kunabantu, abantu basathanda abadlali abangabantu kwezokuzijabulisa (ngeke sikhokhele ukubuka amaqembu e-baseball e-robot). UGates usenethemba jikelele – ukholelwa ukuthi i-AI “izokhulula abantu” kwezinye izinto futhi iholele ekukhiqizweni okwandisiwe, yize umphakathi kuzodingeka uphathe ushintsho (mhlawumbe ngezinyathelo ezifana nezinguquko zemfundo noma ngisho nemali engenayo eyisisekelo yomhlaba wonke uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi emikhulu).

  • UKristalina Georgieva (Umqondisi Ophethe we-IMF): Ngokombono wenqubomgomo nomnotho womhlaba wonke, uGeorgieva ugcizelele ubunjalo obubili bomthelela we-AI. “I-AI izothinta cishe amaphesenti angu-40 emisebenzi emhlabeni wonke, ithathe indawo yeminye futhi igcwalise eminye,” wabhala ekuhlaziyweni kwe-IMF ( i-AI Izoguqula Umnotho Womhlaba Wonke. Masiqinisekise Ukuthi Izuzisa Isintu. ). Uveza ukuthi iminotho ethuthukile isengozini enkulu ye-AI (njengoba ingxenye enkulu yemisebenzi ihilela imisebenzi yamakhono aphezulu i-AI engayenza), kanti amazwe asathuthuka angase abone ukufuduka okuncane ngokushesha. Ukuma kukaGeorgieva ukuthi umphumela we-AI emisebenzini awuqinisekile - kungakhuphula umkhiqizo womhlaba wonke kanye nokukhula, kodwa futhi kungandisa ukungalingani uma izinqubomgomo zingaqhubeki. Yena kanye ne-IMF babiza izinyathelo ezisebenzayo: ohulumeni kufanele batshale imali emfundweni, emanethini okuphepha, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo ze-AI (ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukudalwa kwemisebenzi emisha emikhakheni yezobuchwepheshe, njll.) zabelwana kabanzi nokuthi abasebenzi abalahlekelwa yimisebenzi bangashintshela ezindimeni ezintsha. Lo mbono wochwepheshe ugcizelela ukuthi yize i-AI ingase ithathe indawo yemisebenzi, umphumela womphakathi uncike kakhulu endleleni esisabela ngayo.

  • Abanye Abaholi Bemboni: Ama-CEO amaningi ezobuchwepheshe kanye nabantu abacabanga ngekusasa nabo bakhulume. I-CEO ye-IBM u-Arvind Krishna, isibonelo, uphawule ukuthi i-AI izoqala ithinte "imisebenzi yabasebenzi abamhlophe kuqala" , yenze umsebenzi wehhovisi kanye nowokubhala ube ngokuzenzakalelayo (njengezindima ze-HR i-IBM ezenza kube lula) ngaphambi kokuba ingene ezizindeni zobuchwepheshe ezengeziwe ( i-IBM izomisa ukuqasha ohlelweni lokushintsha imisebenzi engu-7,800 nge-AI, kubika iBloomberg | Reuters ). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uKrishna nabanye baphikisana ngokuthi i-AI izoba ithuluzi elinamandla kochwepheshe - ngisho nababhali bezinhlelo basebenzisa abasizi bekhodi ye-AI ukwandisa umkhiqizo, okuphakamisa ikusasa lapho ukubambisana kwabantu ne-AI kuyinto evamile emisebenzini enamakhono kunokushintshana ngqo. Abaphathi benkonzo yamakhasimende, njengoba kucashunwe ngaphambili, bacabanga ukuthi i-AI iphatha iningi lokuxhumana kwamakhasimende okuvamile, nabantu begxile ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ( izibalo zesevisi yamakhasimende ze-AI ezingama-59 zango-2025 ). Futhi izifundiswa zomphakathi ezifana no-Andrew Yang (owasakaza umqondo wemali engenayo eyisisekelo yomhlaba wonke) ziye zaxwayisa ngabashayeli bamaloli kanye nabasebenzi bezikhungo zocingo abalahlekelwa umsebenzi, bekhuthaza izinhlelo zokusekela umphakathi ukuze babhekane nokungasebenzi okubangelwa yi-automation. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izifundiswa ezifana no-Erik Brynjolfsson no-Andrew McAfee zikhulume “ngempikiswano yokukhiqiza” – ukuthi izinzuzo ze-AI zizofika, kodwa kuphela kanye nabasebenzi abangabantu abanezindima ezichazwe kabusha, ezingasuswa. Bavame ukugcizelela ukwandiswa komsebenzi wabantu nge-AI kunokufakwa esikhundleni ngobuningi, beqamba imisho efana nokuthi “ izisebenzi ezisebenzisa i-AI zizongena esikhundleni salabo abangenayo .”

Empeleni, imibono yochwepheshe isukela ekuthembeni okukhulu (i-AI izodala imisebenzi eminingi kunaleyo eyibhubhisayo, njengoba nje izinto ezintsha zangesikhathi esidlule zenza) kuya ekuqapheleni kakhulu (i-AI ingasusa ingxenye engakaze ibonwe yabasebenzi, edinga ukulungiswa okukhulu). Kodwa-ke into efanayo ukuthi ushintsho luqinisekile . Uhlobo lomsebenzi luzoshintsha njengoba i-AI iba namandla kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bavumelana ngazwi linye ukuthi imfundo nokufunda okuqhubekayo kubalulekile - abasebenzi besikhathi esizayo bazodinga amakhono amasha, futhi imiphakathi izodinga izinqubomgomo ezintsha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-AI ibhekwa njengosongo noma ithuluzi, abaholi kuzo zonke izimboni bagcizelela ukuthi manje sekuyisikhathi sokulungiselela izinguquko ezoziletha emisebenzini. Njengoba siphetha, sizocabangela ukuthi lezi zinguquko zisho ukuthini kubasebenzi bomhlaba wonke nokuthi abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano bangazisebenzisa kanjani indlela engaphambili.

Lokhu Kusho Ukuthi Kubasebenzi Bomhlaba Wonke

Umbuzo othi “yimiphi imisebenzi ezothathelwa indawo yi-AI?” awunayo impendulo eyodwa engaguquki – uzoqhubeka nokuguquka njengoba amakhono e-AI ekhula futhi njengoba umnotho uzivumelanisa nezimo. Esikubonayo ukuthambekela okucacile: I-AI kanye ne-automation zihlelelwe ukuqeda izigidi zemisebenzi eminyakeni ezayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo kudala imisebenzi emisha futhi kushintsha ekhona . I-World Economic Forum ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2027, cishe imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-83 izosuswa ngenxa ye-automation, kodwa kuzovela imisebenzi emisha eyizigidi ezingu-69 emikhakheni efana nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukufunda komshini, kanye nokumaketha kwedijithali – umphumela ophelele wemisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-14 emhlabeni jikelele ( Izibalo Nemininingwane Yemisebenzi Ethatha Indawo ye-AI [2024*] ). Ngamanye amazwi, kuzoba nokushintsha okukhulu emakethe yezabasebenzi. Ezinye izindima zizonyamalala, eziningi zizoshintsha, futhi imisebenzi emisha ngokuphelele izovela ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zomnotho oqhutshwa yi-AI.

Kubasebenzi bomhlaba wonke , lokhu kusho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

  • Ukuphinda Uqeqeshe kanye Nokuthuthukisa Amakhono Kubalulekile: Abasebenzi abanemisebenzi esengozini kumele banikezwe amathuba okufunda amakhono amasha adingekayo. Uma i-AI ithatha imisebenzi ejwayelekile, abantu kudingeka bagxile kwengajwayelekile. Ohulumeni, izikhungo zemfundo, kanye nezinkampani bonke bazodlala indima ekwenzeni izinhlelo zokuqeqesha zibe lula - kungaba yisisebenzi sendawo yokugcina impahla esifundela ukulungisa amarobhothi, noma umfundi wenkonzo yamakhasimende ofunda ukuqondisa ama-chatbot e-AI. Ukufunda impilo yonke sekulungele ukuba yinto evamile. Okuhle ukuthi, njengoba i-AI ithatha umsebenzi onzima, abantu bangashintshela emsebenzini owanelisayo, odala, noma oyinkimbinkimbi - kodwa kuphela uma benamakhono okwenza kanjalo.

  • Ukusebenzisana kwe-Human-AI kuzochaza imisebenzi eminingi: Esikhundleni sokuthathwa kwe-AI ephelele, imisebenzi eminingi izoguquka ibe ukubambisana phakathi kwabantu nemishini ehlakaniphile. Izisebenzi ezichumayo kuzoba yilabo abaziyo ukusebenzisa i-AI njengethuluzi. Isibonelo, ummeli angasebenzisa i-AI ukucwaninga ngokushesha umthetho wamacala (enza umsebenzi iqembu labasizi bezomthetho elaliwenza), bese esebenzisa ukwahlulela komuntu ukwakha isu lezomthetho. Uchwepheshe wefektri angaphatha iqembu lamarobhothi. Ngisho nothisha bangasebenzisa abafundisi be-AI ukwenza izifundo zibe ngezakho ngenkathi begxila ekuqeqeshweni kwezinga eliphezulu. Lo modeli wokubambisana usho ukuthi izincazelo zomsebenzi zizoshintsha - kugcizelela ukwengamela izinhlelo ze-AI, ukuhumusha imiphumela ye-AI, kanye nezici zobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu i-AI engenakukwazi ukuzisingatha. Kusho futhi ukuthi ukulinganisa umthelela wabasebenzi akukhona nje ngemisebenzi elahlekile noma etholwayo, kodwa mayelana nemisebenzi eshintshiwe . Cishe yonke imisebenzi izofaka izinga elithile losizo lwe-AI, futhi ukuzivumelanisa nalelo qiniso kuzobaluleka kubasebenzi.

  • Ukusekelwa Kwenqubomgomo Nomphakathi: Ushintsho lungaba nzima, futhi luphakamisa imibuzo yenqubomgomo emhlabeni jikelele. Ezinye izifunda kanye nezimboni zizothinteka kakhulu ngokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi kunezinye (isibonelo, iminotho esafufusa ekhiqiza kakhulu ingase ibhekane nokuzenzakalela okusheshayo kwemisebenzi edinga abasebenzi abaningi). Kungase kube nesidingo samanethi okuphepha komphakathi aqinile noma izinqubomgomo ezintsha - imibono efana nemali engenayo eyisisekelo yomhlaba wonke (i-UBI) idluliswe ngabantu abanjengo-Elon Musk no-Andrew Yang ngokulindela ukungasebenzi okuqhutshwa yi-AI ( u-Elon Musk Uthi Imali Engenayo Yonke Ayigwemeki: Kungani Ecabanga ... ). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-UBI iyimpendulo noma cha, ohulumeni kuzodingeka baqaphe izitayela zokungasebenzi futhi mhlawumbe bandise izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, izinsizakalo zokubekwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nezibonelelo zemfundo emikhakheni ethintekile. Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kungadingeka futhi, njengoba i-AI ingandisa igebe phakathi kweminotho yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nalabo abanokufinyelela okuncane kubuchwepheshe. Abasebenzi bomhlaba wonke bangabhekana nokufuduka kwemisebenzi baye ezindaweni ezinobungani be-AI (njengoba nje ukukhiqiza kuthuthele emazweni anezindleko eziphansi emashumini eminyaka adlule). Abenzi bezinqubomgomo kuzodingeka baqinisekise ukuthi izinzuzo zomnotho ze-AI (ukukhiqiza okukhulu, izimboni ezintsha) ziholela ekuchumeni okubanzi, hhayi nje inzuzo yabambalwa.

  • Ukugcizelela Ubunye Bomuntu: Njengoba i-AI iba yinto evamile, izici zomsebenzi zomuntu ziba zibaluleke kakhulu. Izici ezifana nobuciko, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, uzwela, ukwahlulela ngokuziphatha, kanye nokucabanga okuhlanganisa izigwegwe kuzoba yinzuzo yokuqhathanisa yabasebenzi abangabantu. Izinhlelo zemfundo zingase zigxile ekugcizeleleni la makhono athambile kanye namakhono e-STEM. Ubuciko kanye nobuntu kungaba yinto ebalulekile ekukhuliseni izimfanelo ezenza abantu bangabi nandawo. Ngomqondo othile, ukukhuphuka kwe-AI kusishukumisela ukuba sichaze kabusha umsebenzi ngamagama agxile kakhulu kumuntu - singagcini nje ngokwazisa ukusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi nezimfanelo ezifana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwamakhasimende, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokuxhumana ngokomzwelo, lapho abantu bephumelela khona.

Ekuphetheni, i-AI ihlelelwe ukuthatha indawo ethile - ikakhulukazi leyo enzima emisebenzini evamile - kodwa izophinde idale amathuba futhi yandise izindima eziningi. Umthelela uzozwakala cishe kuzo zonke izimboni, kusukela kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezezimali kuya ekukhiqizeni, ekuthengiseni, ezempilo, kanye nezokuthutha. Umbono womhlaba wonke ubonisa ukuthi yize iminotho ethuthukile ingase ibone ukuzenzekela okusheshayo kwemisebenzi yabasebenzi abasemthethweni, iminotho ethuthukayo ingase isabhekene nokushintshaniswa kwemisebenzi yezandla ngomshini ekukhiqizeni nakwezolimo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukulungiselela abasebenzi lezi zinguquko kuyinselele yomhlaba wonke.

Izinkampani kumele zithathe isinyathelo sokwamukela i-AI ngokuziphatha nangokuhlakanipha - ukuyisebenzisa ukunika amandla abasebenzi bazo, hhayi nje ukunciphisa izindleko. Izisebenzi, ngokwazo, kufanele zihlale zinelukuluku futhi ziqhubeke nokufunda, ngoba ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuzoba yisivikelo sabo. Futhi umphakathi wonkana kufanele ukhuthaze isimo sengqondo esihlonipha ukusebenzisana kwabantu ne-AI: ukubuka i-AI njengethuluzi elinamandla lokukhulisa umkhiqizo kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu, kunokuba kube usongo ezimpilweni zabantu.

Abasebenzi bakusasa cishe bazoba yindawo lapho ubuhlakani bomuntu, ukunakekelwa, kanye nokucabanga okunesu kusebenzelana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa - ikusasa lapho ubuchwepheshe buthuthukisa khona umsebenzi wabantu esikhundleni sokuwenza uphelelwe yisikhathi. Ushintsho lungase lungabi lula, kodwa ngokulungiselela kanye nezinqubomgomo ezifanele, abasebenzi bomhlaba wonke bangavela beqinile futhi bakhiqize kakhulu esikhathini se-AI.

Izihloko ongathanda ukuzifunda ngemva kwaleli phepha elimhlophe:

🔗 Amathuluzi Okusesha Umsebenzi we-AI ayi-10 Aphezulu - Ukuguqula Umdlalo Wokuqasha
Thola amathuluzi e-AI angcono kakhulu okuthola imisebenzi ngokushesha, ukwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nokuqashwa.

🔗 Izindlela Zomsebenzi Wobuhlakani Bokwenziwa - Imisebenzi Engcono Kakhulu ku-AI kanye Nokuthi Ungaqala Kanjani
Hlola amathuba aphezulu emisebenzi ye-AI, ukuthi yimaphi amakhono adingekayo, nokuthi ungayiqala kanjani indlela yakho ku-AI.

🔗 Imisebenzi Yobuhlakani Bokwenziwa - Imisebenzi Yamanje Nekusasa Lomsebenzi We-AI
Qonda ukuthi i-AI iwubumba kanjani kabusha imakethe yemisebenzi nokuthi amathuba esikhathi esizayo akuphi embonini ye-AI.

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