Yini i-AI?

I-AI ibonakala yonke indawo - ocingweni lwakho, ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo, egudluza amamephu, ibhala ama-imeyili obuhlose ukuwabhala kancane. Kodwa yini i-AI ? Inguqulo emfushane: inqwaba yamasu avumela amakhompuyutha enze imisebenzi esiyihlobanisa nobuhlakani bomuntu, njengokubona amaphethini, ukwenza izibikezelo, nokukhiqiza ulimi noma izithombe. Lokhu akukhona ukumaketha kwe-wavy ngesandla. Kuyinkundla enezibalo, idatha, kanye novivinyo namaphutha amaningi. Izithenjwa ezigunyaziwe zibeka i-AI njengamasistimu angafunda, acabange, futhi enze ngokuvumelana nemigomo ngezindlela esizithola zihlakaniphile. [1]

Izindatshana ongathanda ukuzifunda ngemva kwalesi:

🔗 Uyini umthombo ovulekile we-AI?
Qonda i-AI yomthombo ovulekile, izinzuzo, amamodeli amalayisense, nokusebenzisana komphakathi.

🔗 Iyini inethiwekhi ye-neural ku-AI?
Funda izisekelo zenethiwekhi ye-neural, izinhlobo zezakhiwo, ukuqeqeshwa, nokusetshenziswa okuvamile.

🔗 Uyini umbono wekhompyutha ku-AI?
Bona ukuthi imishini itolika kanjani izithombe, imisebenzi ebalulekile, amasethi edatha, nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

🔗 Iyini i-AI engokomfanekiso?
Hlola ukucabanga okungokomfanekiso, amagrafu olwazi, imithetho, namasistimu ayingxube ye-neuro-symbolic.

Yini i-AI: inguqulo esheshayo 🧠➡️💻

I-AI isethi yezindlela ezivumela isofthiwe ukuthi ilinganisele ukuziphatha okuhlakaniphile. Esikhundleni sokubhala ngekhodi yonke imithetho, sivamise ukuqeqesha amamodeli ngezibonelo ukuze akwazi ukujwayelana nezimo ezintsha - ukubonwa kwesithombe, ukukhuluma nombhalo, ukuhlela umzila, abasizi bekhodi, ukubikezela kwesakhiwo sephrotheni, njalo njalo. Uma uthanda incazelo ehlanzekile yamanothi akho: cabanga amasistimu ekhompiyutha enza imisebenzi exhumene nezinqubo zobuhlakani bomuntu njengokucabanga, ukuthola incazelo, nokufunda kudatha. [1]

Imodeli yengqondo ewusizo evela emkhakheni ukuphatha i-AI njengezinhlelo eziqondiswe kumgomo ezibona indawo yazo bese zikhetha izenzo - ziwusizo uma uqala ukucabanga ngokuhlola nokulawula amaluphu. [1]

Yini Eyenza I-AI Isebenzise Kahle✅

Kungani ufinyelela i-AI esikhundleni semithetho yendabuko?

• Amandla ephethini - amamodeli abona ukuhlobana okucashile kuwo wonke amasethi edatha abantu abangawaphuthelwa ngaphambi kwesidlo sasemini.

• Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo - ngedatha eyengeziwe, ukusebenza kungathuthuka ngaphandle kokubhala kabusha yonke ikhodi.

• Isivinini esikalini - uma eseqeqeshiwe, amamodeli agijima ngokushesha futhi ngokungaguquki, ngisho nasezindaweni ezicindezelayo.

• Ukukhiqiza - izinhlelo zesimanje zingakhiqiza umbhalo, izithombe, ikhodi, ngisho nama-molecule ekhandidethi, hhayi nje ukuhlukanisa izinto.

• Ukucabanga okungenzeka - basingatha ukungaqiniseki ngomusa kunamahlathi ama-brittle uma-ke kungenjalo.

• Amathuluzi okusebenzisa amathuluzi - ungaxhuma amamodeli ekubaleni, kusizindalwazi, noma useshe ukuze ukhulise ukwethembeka.

• Uma kungalungile - ukuchema, ukubona izinto ezingekho, idatha yokuqeqeshwa endala, izingozi zobumfihlo. Sizofika lapho.

Masikhulume iqiniso: ngezinye izikhathi i-AI izwa sengathi ibhayisikili lomqondo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuba ibhayisikili elilodwa kugraveli. Kokubili kungaba yiqiniso.

Isebenza kanjani i-AI, ngesivinini somuntu 🔧

Amasistimu we-AI wesimanje amaningi ahlanganisa:

1. Idatha - izibonelo zolimi, izithombe, ukuchofoza, ukufundwa kwezinzwa.

2. Izinjongo - umsebenzi wokulahlekelwa osho ukuthi "okuhle" kubukeka kanjani.

3. Ama-algorithms - inqubo yokuqeqesha ephusha imodeli ukunciphisa lokho kulahlekelwa.

4. Ukuhlola - amasethi okuhlola, amamethrikhi, ukuhlola ukuhlanzeka kwengqondo.

5. Ukuthunyelwa - ukusebenzisa imodeli ngokugadwa, ukuphepha, nezinsimbi zokuqapha.

Amasiko amabili abanzi:

• I-AI engokomfanekiso noma esekelwe ku-logic - imithetho ecacile, amagrafu olwazi, ukusesha. Kuhle ekucabangeni okusemthethweni kanye nemikhawulo.

• I-AI yezibalo noma yokufunda - amamodeli afunda kudatha. Yilapho okuhlala khona ukufunda okujulile nalapho iningi le-sizzle yakamuva livela khona; isibuyekezo esicashunwe kabanzi sibeka imephu indawo kusukela ekubonisweni okunezingqimba kuya ekuthuthukiseni nasekuhlanganiseni. [2]

Ngaphakathi kwe-AI esekwe ekufundeni, izinsika ezimbalwa zibalulekile:

• Ukufunda okugadiwe - funda ezibonelweni ezilebulwe.

• Ukungagadiwe futhi ozigadile - funda isakhiwo kudatha engenamalebula.

• Ukufunda okuqiniswayo - funda ngokuzama nangempendulo.

• Ukumodela okukhiqizayo - funda ukukhiqiza amasampula amasha abukeka engokoqobo.

Imindeni emibili ekhiqizayo ozozwa ngayo nsuku zonke:

• Ama-Transformers - isakhiwo esingemuva kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilimi ezinkulu. Isebenzisa ukunaka ukuhlobanisa ithokheni ngayinye kwamanye, ivumela ukuqeqeshwa okufanayo kanye nemiphumela eshelelayo ngendlela emangalisayo. Uma uzwile “ukuzinaka,” iqhinga eliwumgogodla lelo. [3]

• Amamodeli okusabalalisa - afunda ukuhlehlisa inqubo yomsindo, asuke emsindweni ongahleliwe abuyele esithombeni noma kumsindo opholile. Kufana nokungashovi idekhi, kancane futhi ngokucophelela, kodwa nge-calculus; umsebenzi oyisisekelo ubonise indlela yokuqeqesha nokusampula ngempumelelo. [5]

Uma izingathekiso zizwakala zinwetshiwe, lokho kulungile - i-AI iyithagethi ehambayo. Sonke sifunda umdanso ngenkathi umculo ushintsha phakathi nengoma.

Lapho usuvele uhlangana ne-AI nsuku zonke 📱🗺️📧

• Ukusesha nezincomo - izinga lemiphumela, izifunzo, amavidiyo.

• I-imeyili namadokhumenti - ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalela, ukufinyezwa, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi.

• Ikhamera nomsindo - denoise, HDR, transcription.

• Ukuzulazula - ukubikezela kwethrafikhi, ukuhlela umzila.

• Ukusekela & nesevisi - ama-ejenti engxoxo ahlola futhi asalungiswa izimpendulo.

• Ukufaka amakhodi - iziphakamiso, ama-refactor, izivivinyo.

• Ezempilo nesayensi - ukulinganisa, ukusekelwa kwezithombe, ukubikezela kwesakhiwo. (Phatha izimo zomtholampilo njengezibalulekile zokuphepha; sebenzisa ukugada komuntu kanye nemikhawulo ebhaliwe.) [2]

I-anecdote encane: ithimba lomkhiqizo lingase lihlole i-A/B isinyathelo sokubuyisa phambi kwemodeli yolimi; izilinganiso zamaphutha zivame ukwehla ngenxa yokuthi imodeli ichaza umongo omusha, oqondene nomsebenzi othile kunokuqagela. (Indlela: chaza amamethrikhi ngaphambili, gcina isethi yokubamba, futhi uqhathanise imiyalo efana nokufana.)

Amandla, imikhawulo, nesiphithiphithi esimaphakathi phakathi ⚖️

Amandla

• Iphatha amasethi edatha amakhulu, angcolile ngomusa.

• Ikala kuyo yonke imisebenzi ngemishini efanayo ewumongo.

• Ifunda isakhiwo esicashile asizange senze unjiniyela wezandla. [2]

Imikhawulo

• Ama-hallucinations - amamodeli angakhiqiza umsindo ozwakalayo kodwa ongalungile.

• Ukuchema - idatha yokuqeqesha ingafaka ukuchema komphakathi okuthi amasistimu abe esekhiqiza kabusha.

• Ukuqina - amacala onqenqema, okokufaka okuphikisayo, nokushintshwa kokusabalalisa kungaphula izinto.

• Ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka - idatha ebucayi ingavuza uma unganakile.

• Ukuchazwa - kungani lakusho lokho? Kwesinye isikhathi akucaci, okuphazamisa ucwaningo.

Ukulawulwa kwezingcuphe kukhona ukuze ungathumeli isiphithiphithi: I -NIST AI Risk Management Framework inikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo, sokuzithandela sokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kuyo yonke imiklamo, ukuthuthukiswa, nokusatshalaliswa - cabanga ngezingozi zemephu, ukuzikala, kanye nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kokugcina. [4]

Imithetho yomgwaqo: ukuphepha, ukubusa, kanye nokuziphendulela 🛡️

Imithethonqubo kanye neziqondiso ziyatholwa ukuze kwenziwe:

• Izindlela ezisekelwe ebungozini - ukusetshenziswa okunobungozi obukhulu kubhekana nezidingo eziqinile; imibhalo, ukuphathwa kwedatha, nodaba lokusingatha izigameko. Izinhlaka zomphakathi zigcizelela ukubeka izinto obala, ukwengamela abantu, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. [4]

• I-nuance yomkhakha - izizinda ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphepha (njengezempilo) zidinga ukubonwa komuntu kanye nokuhlolwa ngokucophelela; ukusebenzisa inhloso evamile kusazuza kumadokhumenti acacile ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa kanye nemikhawulo. [2]

Lokhu akukhona mayelana nokuvimbela ukuqamba okusha; imayelana nokungashintshi umkhiqizo wakho uwenze umenzi we-popcorn kumtapo wolwazi… okuzwakala kumnandi kuze kube kunjalo.

Izinhlobo ze-AI ekusebenzeni, ngezibonelo 🧰

• Ukubona - umbono, inkulumo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa.

• Ulimi - ingxoxo, ukuhumusha, ukufingqa, ukukhipha.

• Ukubikezela - ukubikezela kwesidingo, amaphuzu engcuphe, ukutholwa okudidayo.

• Ukuhlela nokulawula - amarobhothi, okokusebenza.

• Isizukulwane - izithombe, umsindo, ividiyo, ikhodi, idatha ehlelekile.

Ngaphansi kwe-hood, izibalo zincike ku-algebra yomugqa, amathuba, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nezitaki zekhompyutha ezigcina yonke into iduma. Ukuze uthole ukushanela okujulile kwezisekelo zokufunda ezijulile, bona isibuyekezo se-canonical. [2]

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa: amathuluzi e-AI adumile ngokubuka nje 🧪

(Ayiphelele neze ngenhloso. Izintengo ziyashintsha. Imayela lakho lizohluka.)

Ungaluhlola kanjani uhlelo lwe-AI njengochwepheshe 🧪🔍

1. Chaza umsebenzi - isitatimende somsebenzi esinomusho owodwa.

2. Khetha amamethrikhi - ukunemba, ukubambezeleka, izindleko, izibangeli zokuphepha.

3. Yenza isethi yokuhlola - emele, ehlukahlukene, ebanjiwe.

4. Hlola izindlela zokuhluleka - okokufaka isistimu kufanele yenqabe noma inyuke.

5. Hlola ukuchema - izingcezu zezibalo zabantu kanye nezibaluli ezizwelayo lapho kufanele khona.

6. Umuntu ku-loop - cacisa ukuthi umuntu kufanele abuyekeze nini.

7. Ilogi & qapha - ukutholwa kwe-drift, impendulo yesigameko, ukubuyisela emuva.

8. Idokhumenti - imithombo yedatha, imikhawulo, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, amafulegi abomvu. I-NIST AI RMF ikunikeza ulimi olwabiwe nezinqubo zalokhu. [4]

Imibono eyiphutha evamile ngizwa ngaso sonke isikhathi 🙃

• “Kuyakopisha nje.” Ukuqeqeshwa kufunda isakhiwo sezibalo; isizukulwane sihlanganisa imiphumela emisha ehambisana naleso sakhiwo. Lokho kungaba okusungulayo - noma okungalungile - kodwa akukhona ukukopisha-unamathise. [2]

• "I-AI iqonda njengomuntu." Imodela amaphethini . Ngezinye izikhathi lokho kubukeka njengokuqonda; ngezinye izikhathi kuwukufiphala okuzethembayo. [2]

• "Okukhulu kuhlale kungcono." Isikali siyasiza, kodwa ikhwalithi yedatha, ukuqondanisa, nokubuyiswa ngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu. [2][3]

• "I-AI eyodwa yokubabusa bonke." Izitaki zangempela zinemodeli eminingi: ukubuyisa amaqiniso, okukhiqiza umbhalo, amamodeli amancane asheshayo akudivayisi, kanye nosesho lwakudala.

Ukulunguza okujule kancane: Iziguquli kanye nokusabalalisa, ngomzuzu owodwa ⏱️

• Ama-transformer abala amaphuzu okunaka phakathi kwamathokheni ukuze anqume ukuthi uzogxila kuphi. Izendlalelo ezinqwabelene zithwebula ukuncika ebangeni elide ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda okusobala, okuvumela ukufana okuphezulu nokusebenza okuqinile kuyo yonke imisebenzi yolimi. Lesi sakhiwo sisekela izinhlelo eziningi zesimanje zezilimi. [3]

• Amamodeli okusabalalisa afunda ukuhlehlisa umsindo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, njengokupholisha isibuko esinenkungu kuze kuvele ubuso. Ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo nemibono yamasampula kuvule i-boom yesizukulwane sesithombe futhi manje kunwebeka kumsindo nevidiyo. [5]

I-Micro-glossary ongayigcina 📚

• Imodeli - umsebenzi onepharamitha esiwuqeqeshela ukwenza imephu okokufaka kokuphumayo.

• Ukuqeqesha - ukulungisa amapharamitha ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa ezibonelweni.

• I-overfitting - yenza kahle kakhulu kudatha yokuqeqeshwa, meh kwenye indawo.

• I-Hallucination - okukhiphayo ngokushelelayo kodwa okungelona iqiniso.

• I-RAG - isizukulwane sokubuyiswa-esithuthukisiwe esithintana nemithombo emisha.

• Ukuqondanisa - ukubumba ukuziphatha ukulandela imiyalelo nezinkambiso.

• Ukuphepha - ukuvikela imiphumela eyingozi kanye nokulawula ubungozi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo.

• Ukuqagela - usebenzisa imodeli eqeqeshiwe ukwenza izibikezelo.

• Ukubambezeleka - isikhathi kusuka kokufakwayo kuya ekuphenduleni.

• I-Guardrails - izinqubomgomo, izihlungi, nezilawuli ezizungeze imodeli.

Inde Kakhulu, Angiyifundanga - Amazwi Okugcina 🌯

Yini i-AI? Iqoqo lamasu avumela amakhompuyutha afunde kudatha futhi enze izinto ngobuhlakani eziqondisweni. Igagasi lesimanje ligibela ekufundeni okujulile - ikakhulukazi iziguquli zolimi nokusabalalisa kwemidiya. Isetshenziswa ngokucatshangelwa, i-AI ikala ukuqashelwa kwephethini, isheshisa umsebenzi wokudala nokuhlaziya, futhi ivula iminyango emisha yesayensi. Uma isetshenziswa ngokunganaki, ingadukisa, ikhiphe ngaphandle, noma iqede ukwethembana. Indlela ejabulisayo ihlanganisa ubunjiniyela obuqinile nokubusa, ukulinganisa, kanye nokuthinta ukuthobeka. Lokho kubhalansi akwenzeki nje - kuyafundiseka, kuyahloleka, futhi kuyalondolozeka ngezinhlaka nemithetho efanele. [2][3][4][5]

Izithenjwa

[1] Encyclopedia Britannica - Artificial intelligence (AI) : funda okwengeziwe
[2] Imvelo - “Ukufunda okujulile” (LeCun, Bengio, Hinton) : funda okwengeziwe
[3] arXiv - “Ukunakwa Yikho Konke Okudingayo” (Vaswani et al.) : funda okwengeziwe
[
4] NIST - AI Risk Management Framework -5 Dear Risk Management Framework 5 Amamodeli Angenzeka” (Ho et al.) : funda kabanzi

Thola i-AI yakamuva esitolo esisemthethweni somsizi we-AI

Mayelana NATHI